Causal Effects and Experiments

GVPT399F: Power, Politics, and Data

Causes and effects

Our goal is to better understand what factors lead to certain outcomes of interest.

  • Does increasing the number of voting booths close to a potential voter make that person more likely to vote?

  • Do peace treaties signed with factionalized rebel groups more often lead to a return to conflict than those signed with a single, cohesive group?

  • Does trade between two countries make war between them less likely?

Causes and effects

These are causal statements:

  • More local voting booths \(\rightarrow\) More likely to vote

  • More factionalization \(\rightarrow\) More likely to restart conflict

  • Trade \(\rightarrow\) Less likely to go to war

How to identify causes and their effects

Proving that changes to one factor cause changes to another is very tricky!

  • Need to account for all the other factors

The efficacy of international election monitors

Do international monitors cause less election-day fraud in democratic elections?

  • Number of elections monitored by international observers exploded throughout the 2000s

  • But do monitors increase the chances the election will be free and fair?

  • In other words, are they effective?

The efficacy of international election monitors

Dr Susan Hyde set out to answer this very question. From her article (page 39):

If the presence of international observers causes a reduction in election-day fraud, the effect of observers should be visible at the subnational level by comparing polling stations that were visited by observers with those that were not visited. More specifically, if international monitoring reduces electionday fraud directly, all else held equal, the cheating parties should gain less of their ill-gotten vote share in polling stations that were visited by international monitors.

Causal relationships

Refers to the directional connection between a change in one variable and a corresponding change in another.

  • The direction matters!

  • Treatment variable: the variable causing changes to another variable.

  • Outcome variable: the variable changing as a result of changes to another variable (the treatment).

Treatment and outcome variables

We want to test whether the presence of international monitors (treatment) leads to less election day fraud (outcome).

International election monitors present at polling stations \(\rightarrow\) Less election-day fraud at that station

Treatment variable

At any given polling station in any given election, monitors may be: 1) present, or 2) not present.

Two different conditions:

  • Treatment: condition with treatment (monitors are present)

  • Control: condition without treatment (monitors are not present)

Outcome variable

At any given polling station in any given election, fraud may: 1) occur, or 2) not occur.

Observing our outcome

Sometimes it can be hard to observe our outcome of interest.

  • How might we see all election-day fraud?

  • How might we measure it?

Observing our outcome

Hyde’s answer: vote-share!

International election monitors present at polling stations \(\rightarrow\) Less election-day fraud at that station \(\rightarrow\) Lower vote-share for the cheating party

Individual causal effects

We want to know whether the treatment causes a change in our outcome of interest.

What might this look like in the real world?

  • Imagine we are looking at a specific election

  • Five polling stations

Parallel worlds

Hypothetical election

ID Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote %
1 25.27 83.97
2 73.49 94.55
3 54.11 84.65
4 51.60 75.16
5 65.08 95.62

Individual effects

The only difference between these two conditions is the presence of international monitors!

  • The difference between vote shares under these conditions is caused by the monitors.

Individual effects

ID Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference (%)
1 25.27 83.97 -58.70
2 73.49 94.55 -21.06
3 54.11 84.65 -30.54
4 51.60 75.16 -23.56
5 65.08 95.62 -30.54

No parallel worlds

Sadly for us, we cannot create parallel worlds…

What now?

ID Monitored Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference
1 0 NA 83.97 NA
2 1 73.49 NA NA
3 0 NA 84.65 NA
4 0 NA 75.16 NA
5 0 NA 95.62 NA

Average causal effects

We need to move away from looking at individuals and start to look for patterns in our group.

Back to our parallel worlds

ID Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference
1 25.27 83.97 -58.70
2 73.49 94.55 -21.06
3 54.11 84.65 -30.54
4 51.60 75.16 -23.56
5 65.08 95.62 -30.54

Difference of averages across all individuals

What was the average vote share received in each world?

Avg. monitored vote % Avg. non-monitored vote % Difference
53.91 86.79 -32.88

Back to reality

ID Monitored Monitored vote % Non-monitored vote % Difference
1 0 NA 83.97 NA
2 1 73.49 NA NA
3 0 NA 84.65 NA
4 0 NA 75.16 NA
5 0 NA 95.62 NA

Difference-of-means

What was the average vote share received in each group?

Avg. monitored vote % Avg. non-monitored vote % Difference
73.49 84.85 -11.36

How on Earth does this work so well?

Randomization!

  • Monitors were assigned to polling stations randomly (for example, with the flip of a coin)

  • This created two groups of stations that were roughly identical on average to one another prior to treatment

  • This mimics what happens when we split our world into two (creating two literally identical groups)

Our goal

We want two groups that are completely identical to one another prior to treatment.

  • This allows us to compare their outcomes after treatment and claim that the treatment caused differences in those outcomes (if any differences exist)

Our goal

Next best thing

Instead, we should try to make two groups that are as similar as possible to each other prior to treatment.

The magic of randomization

Perfectly random assignment does this very well!

Don’t take my word for it

Imagine we have a group of 1,000 individuals. We know the following about them:

  • Height

  • Weight

  • Eye colour

Our group

ID Height Weight Eye colour
1 165.22 91.24 Blue
2 171.61 87.02 Brown
3 173.51 84.52 Blue
4 186.26 90.49 Blue
5 164.66 70.02 Green
6 168.95 72.04 Blue
7 148.81 81.78 Grey
8 172.11 77.02 Brown
9 165.99 87.54 Blue
10 173.19 79.84 Grey
11 169.48 85.50 Green
12 175.07 76.24 Grey
13 166.08 69.96 Grey
14 174.13 72.16 Blue
15 160.75 84.37 Grey
16 176.87 75.84 Green
17 163.99 74.41 Brown
18 169.72 88.74 Brown
19 173.64 83.99 Grey
20 173.66 87.56 Grey
21 169.38 85.63 Brown
22 170.22 83.28 Grey
23 167.29 64.21 Green
24 168.12 84.37 Blue
25 171.65 72.39 Blue
26 181.26 73.74 Blue
27 176.11 84.67 Brown
28 161.82 89.21 Brown
29 169.18 101.46 Blue
30 167.36 87.93 Blue
31 171.20 74.63 Blue
32 165.22 78.81 Blue
33 162.76 92.91 Blue
34 164.62 72.04 Grey
35 176.28 69.98 Green
36 177.87 82.64 Green
37 170.93 86.60 Blue
38 153.26 69.18 Brown
39 157.73 83.89 Brown
40 172.90 99.60 Blue
41 182.31 91.65 Brown
42 170.86 73.31 Grey
43 163.71 92.16 Grey
44 166.11 84.70 Green
45 164.70 79.25 Grey
46 178.27 74.09 Brown
47 178.23 78.07 Grey
48 167.79 83.83 Brown
49 167.00 79.24 Blue
50 166.73 82.04 Green
51 182.60 89.27 Blue
52 178.79 76.59 Green
53 168.56 80.90 Brown
54 162.96 81.14 Grey
55 168.20 82.33 Blue
56 168.02 85.78 Grey
57 179.47 88.07 Blue
58 164.38 64.31 Brown
59 161.08 87.50 Green
60 174.95 93.94 Green
61 172.07 60.41 Blue
62 175.08 79.48 Green
63 165.76 86.21 Brown
64 186.79 86.32 Green
65 168.58 87.05 Brown
66 173.23 95.36 Green
67 176.97 91.84 Brown
68 160.07 96.31 Grey
69 170.51 75.48 Brown
70 169.84 100.07 Blue
71 163.63 76.50 Grey
72 171.94 83.12 Grey
73 182.30 80.00 Grey
74 173.76 94.14 Blue
75 174.40 77.72 Blue
76 170.05 81.02 Grey
77 170.28 82.38 Brown
78 169.49 95.14 Brown
79 158.22 85.33 Blue
80 174.87 88.77 Grey
81 160.21 89.56 Grey
82 162.64 90.82 Grey
83 177.11 80.85 Brown
84 158.06 77.07 Green
85 167.46 84.57 Green
86 170.49 78.99 Blue
87 170.59 80.45 Blue
88 172.47 94.53 Blue
89 170.16 78.17 Brown
90 169.01 89.83 Brown
91 174.51 71.72 Blue
92 178.02 75.64 Brown
93 175.52 86.76 Blue
94 174.63 78.53 Grey
95 166.88 93.79 Brown
96 167.72 66.51 Blue
97 179.93 75.38 Grey
98 177.11 67.97 Grey
99 172.37 88.64 Blue
100 161.76 60.78 Brown
101 163.90 71.11 Green
102 172.17 83.30 Green
103 171.87 82.42 Brown
104 167.05 80.11 Green
105 178.97 90.87 Grey
106 170.44 80.44 Grey
107 168.05 68.05 Brown
108 164.04 96.94 Green
109 168.97 67.41 Brown
110 176.06 99.94 Grey
111 172.96 83.67 Grey
112 177.84 87.44 Green
113 170.20 92.88 Brown
114 167.78 91.15 Green
115 163.38 82.98 Grey
116 164.47 89.81 Grey
117 166.14 85.60 Grey
118 166.28 83.71 Brown
119 164.56 72.45 Grey
120 175.93 67.68 Brown
121 175.07 74.09 Blue
122 174.60 66.88 Green
123 162.92 91.45 Brown
124 175.50 90.07 Blue
125 174.04 79.09 Brown
126 167.54 88.97 Brown
127 178.33 81.43 Green
128 167.07 88.64 Brown
129 162.92 96.65 Green
130 175.97 61.60 Brown
131 168.18 76.36 Green
132 162.06 78.88 Grey
133 162.48 93.20 Green
134 167.31 84.94 Blue
135 183.37 82.70 Grey
136 164.37 99.97 Brown
137 174.61 75.77 Brown
138 163.50 76.46 Brown
139 173.69 72.41 Green
140 165.30 58.72 Green
141 155.02 95.65 Blue
142 168.76 76.99 Grey
143 177.19 80.06 Brown
144 174.70 77.79 Blue
145 169.73 65.36 Blue
146 167.84 68.05 Green
147 168.69 74.44 Grey
148 171.54 53.75 Green
149 165.61 74.35 Green
150 182.03 85.06 Green
151 177.04 64.05 Brown
152 154.38 95.53 Grey
153 176.13 83.28 Blue
154 167.93 80.62 Brown
155 164.85 82.62 Blue
156 175.77 63.03 Grey
157 167.79 68.51 Brown
158 164.87 76.51 Grey
159 161.29 75.68 Green
160 167.72 74.84 Blue
161 180.61 59.50 Brown
162 175.68 84.19 Grey
163 171.50 68.41 Blue
164 172.68 83.12 Grey
165 173.30 66.70 Blue
166 179.51 82.07 Grey
167 166.04 71.92 Green
168 176.56 87.09 Blue
169 164.17 66.96 Green
170 185.25 64.19 Blue
171 170.59 72.07 Blue
172 177.16 77.32 Green
173 166.23 77.49 Blue
174 161.28 71.23 Blue
175 164.31 81.04 Blue
176 164.60 108.25 Brown
177 167.48 106.73 Blue
178 167.59 80.52 Blue
179 166.76 77.78 Blue
180 166.47 62.94 Green
181 164.30 79.02 Green
182 176.52 86.30 Brown
183 172.32 102.76 Green
184 168.56 90.89 Grey
185 174.50 102.69 Grey
186 175.55 92.95 Grey
187 161.73 72.29 Brown
188 173.81 74.57 Green
189 174.49 87.65 Brown
190 159.32 85.93 Brown
191 170.03 91.12 Brown
192 172.49 77.02 Blue
193 168.94 93.72 Grey
194 164.64 106.12 Green
195 169.99 82.95 Blue
196 160.72 83.16 Green
197 179.15 89.02 Brown
198 168.54 92.62 Blue
199 181.13 70.29 Green
200 176.28 88.59 Blue
201 171.24 83.59 Brown
202 168.93 89.29 Brown
203 168.34 89.51 Grey
204 165.62 99.86 Brown
205 175.95 76.47 Blue
206 174.22 77.92 Grey
207 160.42 74.56 Brown
208 178.11 77.17 Brown
209 172.24 69.64 Green
210 174.94 77.61 Brown
211 170.58 89.74 Brown
212 177.36 75.33 Brown
213 168.16 69.60 Grey
214 172.17 84.26 Blue
215 182.97 55.03 Brown
216 181.18 84.47 Green
217 167.84 76.65 Brown
218 168.52 81.98 Green
219 166.49 96.44 Green
220 170.50 108.69 Blue
221 173.36 101.02 Blue
222 172.64 87.59 Green
223 166.49 75.02 Green
224 165.95 83.98 Grey
225 169.23 72.24 Blue
226 172.42 72.49 Green
227 171.92 68.95 Blue
228 172.30 80.72 Green
229 173.83 71.72 Blue
230 163.74 86.55 Grey
231 167.09 91.54 Blue
232 160.62 81.00 Blue
233 170.55 79.36 Brown
234 162.32 78.34 Brown
235 179.95 93.91 Green
236 171.37 63.51 Grey
237 168.37 78.83 Blue
238 168.66 73.53 Grey
239 167.65 75.91 Brown
240 168.65 84.08 Brown
241 169.94 85.72 Brown
242 173.28 80.17 Grey
243 170.26 76.41 Brown
244 164.42 67.14 Green
245 167.69 79.00 Brown
246 172.23 102.66 Green
247 173.21 57.39 Brown
248 171.51 70.41 Blue
249 166.94 93.87 Brown
250 170.60 77.85 Blue
251 165.44 89.14 Blue
252 163.98 86.60 Blue
253 173.73 86.16 Brown
254 175.42 76.41 Blue
255 179.98 63.06 Grey
256 165.95 63.95 Grey
257 172.70 87.23 Blue
258 170.12 79.24 Grey
259 166.87 75.11 Blue
260 172.48 78.33 Blue
261 159.50 78.72 Brown
262 169.23 89.97 Brown
263 164.24 76.34 Grey
264 161.43 79.70 Blue
265 179.96 72.22 Green
266 169.62 97.44 Blue
267 154.81 87.03 Grey
268 165.97 80.02 Blue
269 171.60 75.15 Green
270 184.95 106.85 Green
271 168.85 89.83 Blue
272 180.54 73.00 Blue
273 167.00 83.42 Grey
274 174.58 70.35 Brown
275 166.15 91.69 Green
276 164.60 92.82 Blue
277 170.72 93.95 Brown
278 176.36 83.59 Brown
279 173.20 87.83 Blue
280 170.66 99.40 Blue
281 175.36 82.81 Green
282 172.26 72.48 Blue
283 174.60 77.98 Grey
284 174.61 71.87 Green
285 175.24 96.44 Blue
286 158.40 70.79 Green
287 166.94 74.54 Blue
288 163.26 90.08 Grey
289 168.28 65.44 Green
290 177.46 84.89 Blue
291 169.04 77.35 Grey
292 162.66 90.12 Brown
293 172.26 79.07 Brown
294 163.47 78.20 Green
295 184.76 80.45 Brown
296 176.14 88.47 Brown
297 172.61 93.87 Green
298 174.24 64.06 Blue
299 160.82 66.75 Green
300 174.30 73.89 Green
301 171.25 73.33 Grey
302 163.21 81.48 Blue
303 166.00 88.10 Brown
304 177.94 91.97 Brown
305 164.52 68.73 Grey
306 168.65 81.48 Grey
307 161.92 85.33 Blue
308 167.81 88.72 Brown
309 178.54 70.08 Grey
310 166.54 93.65 Grey
311 162.54 93.46 Brown
312 173.61 82.42 Grey
313 175.48 68.71 Brown
314 160.26 77.79 Brown
315 162.31 90.74 Green
316 172.22 87.15 Grey
317 162.05 85.73 Green
318 168.49 78.55 Grey
319 169.62 84.48 Grey
320 169.27 78.37 Blue
321 159.73 83.64 Green
322 172.28 76.83 Blue
323 157.81 83.20 Green
324 163.31 93.53 Blue
325 173.98 69.43 Grey
326 172.11 91.46 Blue
327 171.86 79.20 Grey
328 169.91 63.13 Brown
329 171.62 69.20 Green
330 177.21 69.48 Grey
331 169.12 75.29 Blue
332 162.17 62.00 Green
333 176.21 88.10 Grey
334 176.02 71.93 Grey
335 163.88 76.38 Grey
336 164.66 81.72 Green
337 165.05 76.56 Blue
338 178.43 81.00 Green
339 166.56 96.04 Grey
340 172.50 84.17 Green
341 180.75 70.59 Blue
342 165.93 81.68 Blue
343 163.13 85.13 Grey
344 177.62 86.03 Grey
345 172.97 61.90 Brown
346 164.73 80.59 Green
347 165.01 81.27 Brown
348 168.31 96.07 Blue
349 167.28 75.09 Green
350 166.11 68.72 Blue
351 169.81 79.79 Blue
352 170.38 91.19 Grey
353 165.59 78.61 Grey
354 172.05 77.10 Green
355 164.13 64.05 Blue
356 161.98 79.85 Blue
357 166.15 70.58 Brown
358 166.75 71.71 Grey
359 157.38 80.99 Green
360 164.97 84.85 Blue
361 166.09 71.85 Green
362 182.80 78.94 Green
363 170.93 79.21 Green
364 180.61 78.34 Grey
365 163.91 67.97 Brown
366 159.98 82.04 Blue
367 163.81 55.59 Brown
368 172.12 80.01 Green
369 158.21 75.47 Grey
370 174.64 72.92 Grey
371 175.23 62.86 Brown
372 169.66 74.56 Blue
373 167.01 83.06 Green
374 156.78 86.50 Grey
375 164.02 84.78 Brown
376 174.27 92.90 Blue
377 167.59 77.81 Brown
378 164.63 91.91 Grey
379 173.26 86.32 Blue
380 173.70 76.77 Green
381 169.19 80.20 Brown
382 177.17 69.43 Grey
383 175.69 87.87 Blue
384 171.80 83.35 Blue
385 170.10 85.60 Blue
386 162.37 71.84 Blue
387 171.05 74.02 Green
388 168.66 65.12 Blue
389 167.18 67.13 Brown
390 169.87 67.05 Blue
391 176.04 71.74 Grey
392 166.45 70.53 Brown
393 164.96 67.93 Brown
394 173.40 72.34 Blue
395 176.30 94.57 Blue
396 174.14 69.70 Grey
397 173.04 77.40 Grey
398 167.58 99.40 Blue
399 176.51 80.04 Green
400 163.69 85.61 Blue
401 163.20 73.33 Brown
402 168.66 89.70 Grey
403 159.77 92.98 Brown
404 166.90 64.66 Grey
405 167.16 57.29 Grey
406 168.54 67.30 Blue
407 171.58 84.96 Blue
408 168.32 62.67 Blue
409 169.92 73.28 Grey
410 168.79 88.60 Grey
411 169.86 92.78 Brown
412 169.32 82.77 Grey
413 176.43 94.95 Blue
414 165.29 81.95 Brown
415 167.54 72.27 Blue
416 166.16 74.54 Green
417 176.45 86.19 Brown
418 184.70 74.90 Blue
419 168.63 76.22 Brown
420 172.12 95.58 Blue
421 173.08 72.38 Blue
422 171.51 72.91 Brown
423 179.16 85.23 Green
424 169.95 80.36 Green
425 171.63 78.87 Grey
426 168.41 76.90 Blue
427 172.80 87.86 Green
428 164.63 71.56 Blue
429 175.18 70.04 Grey
430 170.85 70.57 Green
431 166.44 87.10 Brown
432 164.23 92.90 Blue
433 170.84 72.40 Green
434 178.61 69.02 Green
435 168.18 71.94 Blue
436 163.71 77.66 Grey
437 165.94 81.52 Blue
438 171.60 73.68 Green
439 167.53 79.81 Brown
440 166.01 78.70 Green
441 167.29 59.55 Green
442 171.66 94.93 Green
443 172.37 76.70 Green
444 168.55 82.52 Blue
445 166.56 72.46 Blue
446 173.61 68.14 Blue
447 166.52 80.67 Brown
448 163.93 86.58 Green
449 173.99 59.50 Green
450 167.20 83.21 Brown
451 168.69 78.83 Brown
452 179.44 88.72 Brown
453 178.88 99.01 Grey
454 172.67 68.87 Grey
455 169.68 66.50 Brown
456 177.83 86.18 Brown
457 167.47 77.47 Grey
458 172.13 85.07 Brown
459 168.53 83.82 Green
460 162.71 83.97 Grey
461 167.02 73.07 Grey
462 173.75 81.08 Green
463 166.86 62.30 Brown
464 170.11 88.27 Brown
465 171.79 99.53 Green
466 166.21 78.69 Green
467 174.87 62.14 Blue
468 161.14 81.21 Green
469 171.67 76.70 Grey
470 178.94 91.67 Green
471 173.17 90.73 Blue
472 177.39 81.30 Blue
473 170.62 88.26 Green
474 183.13 100.39 Grey
475 169.55 75.70 Grey
476 156.88 66.22 Green
477 170.55 91.76 Grey
478 164.36 77.00 Brown
479 172.89 81.83 Grey
480 163.48 89.64 Brown
481 165.91 72.71 Brown
482 170.35 69.22 Grey
483 160.98 92.93 Brown
484 170.93 74.11 Grey
485 174.47 62.90 Brown
486 175.06 74.40 Green
487 183.01 66.97 Green
488 167.62 75.61 Grey
489 172.96 77.86 Blue
490 172.78 66.46 Grey
491 157.71 101.25 Brown
492 171.50 72.19 Green
493 165.05 89.36 Brown
494 163.54 82.37 Brown
495 170.82 71.58 Green
496 171.62 71.61 Green
497 177.59 63.25 Blue
498 170.85 81.72 Grey
499 169.04 95.83 Blue
500 169.85 90.09 Green
501 175.40 94.06 Brown
502 172.10 69.34 Brown
503 178.65 78.66 Grey
504 169.87 74.38 Green
505 166.32 82.86 Brown
506 166.09 76.45 Blue
507 168.65 85.05 Blue
508 168.17 75.08 Green
509 170.74 88.11 Blue
510 159.62 92.64 Green
511 171.79 74.08 Brown
512 171.46 85.21 Brown
513 163.03 103.03 Blue
514 164.16 72.19 Blue
515 169.23 86.93 Green
516 171.41 87.91 Grey
517 171.56 72.96 Grey
518 171.49 78.00 Green
519 161.37 87.18 Green
520 169.79 78.48 Grey
521 167.49 80.66 Grey
522 172.72 75.43 Green
523 163.68 89.20 Brown
524 176.57 93.35 Green
525 163.63 74.69 Blue
526 169.15 85.02 Brown
527 168.93 74.92 Grey
528 175.19 76.65 Blue
529 162.62 72.81 Grey
530 165.97 81.08 Blue
531 173.89 87.59 Grey
532 167.40 74.91 Green
533 171.03 94.83 Blue
534 173.69 99.76 Blue
535 176.74 81.47 Blue
536 166.65 70.96 Grey
537 169.49 76.54 Brown
538 177.62 88.36 Blue
539 170.28 94.97 Green
540 171.87 82.85 Brown
541 171.93 94.19 Brown
542 170.49 85.11 Brown
543 163.31 86.08 Brown
544 182.33 82.39 Brown
545 155.02 91.53 Green
546 171.69 75.22 Blue
547 169.72 73.59 Grey
548 169.20 82.12 Blue
549 162.30 85.49 Brown
550 179.00 88.44 Blue
551 170.21 77.03 Green
552 164.71 84.83 Brown
553 176.67 65.28 Green
554 179.40 91.42 Green
555 173.85 75.26 Brown
556 170.46 73.96 Green
557 168.41 66.41 Brown
558 161.79 66.45 Green
559 169.08 82.70 Brown
560 173.57 78.55 Brown
561 173.27 87.18 Grey
562 168.13 86.02 Blue
563 179.47 80.59 Green
564 164.08 70.64 Brown
565 176.17 84.81 Green
566 178.41 97.51 Brown
567 165.33 72.01 Blue
568 176.60 89.84 Grey
569 161.14 73.28 Green
570 164.70 95.33 Green
571 165.07 77.45 Brown
572 171.74 87.16 Brown
573 168.90 85.79 Green
574 165.39 80.70 Brown
575 172.82 80.99 Grey
576 181.37 91.65 Brown
577 179.57 100.95 Brown
578 165.31 76.85 Grey
579 160.12 78.36 Green
580 176.68 81.00 Grey
581 175.73 62.15 Blue
582 169.73 87.68 Brown
583 171.85 82.13 Blue
584 173.37 86.39 Grey
585 175.68 77.05 Brown
586 171.09 71.52 Green
587 176.82 92.20 Green
588 168.56 68.86 Green
589 163.78 73.12 Brown
590 169.28 82.16 Green
591 170.68 75.48 Brown
592 168.30 64.37 Grey
593 169.77 70.97 Brown
594 183.91 78.63 Blue
595 174.06 79.45 Green
596 171.25 88.46 Grey
597 170.04 78.07 Blue
598 166.31 89.51 Brown
599 167.07 79.11 Grey
600 158.16 78.73 Green
601 174.48 72.14 Green
602 172.37 66.67 Green
603 171.29 70.96 Grey
604 171.33 97.30 Green
605 171.37 75.94 Blue
606 168.95 88.56 Blue
607 171.12 78.52 Green
608 167.58 79.55 Blue
609 169.08 66.31 Green
610 175.31 71.10 Grey
611 169.24 87.51 Grey
612 167.80 56.37 Blue
613 171.63 75.96 Green
614 169.22 99.16 Brown
615 157.78 84.04 Brown
616 168.39 72.75 Blue
617 176.52 75.37 Brown
618 171.09 70.64 Brown
619 174.84 67.59 Blue
620 170.42 62.67 Green
621 169.30 71.38 Grey
622 171.89 69.82 Grey
623 164.90 93.11 Green
624 164.31 75.27 Brown
625 164.34 79.77 Green
626 162.69 87.54 Brown
627 164.46 84.26 Grey
628 169.72 95.10 Grey
629 161.62 88.39 Blue
630 173.71 56.35 Green
631 163.46 69.50 Brown
632 167.33 80.46 Grey
633 171.31 88.84 Blue
634 165.79 92.17 Grey
635 175.50 73.35 Blue
636 171.65 78.68 Brown
637 161.70 80.50 Brown
638 167.18 81.09 Brown
639 163.16 94.90 Grey
640 162.24 82.71 Blue
641 171.14 73.66 Green
642 165.04 69.97 Blue
643 180.27 74.72 Grey
644 181.01 85.71 Blue
645 165.76 85.86 Green
646 162.54 92.42 Blue
647 173.13 81.26 Brown
648 170.56 73.11 Brown
649 165.06 82.81 Green
650 164.23 73.69 Brown
651 184.59 87.48 Green
652 163.85 71.95 Brown
653 159.26 74.71 Brown
654 174.64 83.33 Blue
655 172.44 74.03 Blue
656 176.61 93.59 Green
657 176.06 88.82 Brown
658 171.44 72.01 Blue
659 173.43 90.66 Grey
660 172.44 77.77 Grey
661 170.48 76.96 Grey
662 161.49 71.47 Grey
663 180.91 81.35 Green
664 171.74 75.21 Green
665 176.36 82.96 Grey
666 174.97 76.26 Green
667 164.24 94.99 Brown
668 176.22 75.85 Grey
669 174.62 56.41 Brown
670 166.94 81.59 Grey
671 169.28 75.86 Blue
672 168.85 84.99 Grey
673 171.53 81.07 Brown
674 171.06 77.48 Blue
675 166.62 101.36 Brown
676 176.75 68.74 Grey
677 164.59 75.39 Brown
678 167.87 84.81 Brown
679 168.61 84.09 Grey
680 170.20 82.17 Grey
681 170.81 82.98 Green
682 158.73 87.86 Green
683 170.46 90.57 Grey
684 161.27 89.64 Brown
685 174.00 79.57 Grey
686 169.49 78.74 Green
687 164.67 80.61 Blue
688 168.06 76.88 Blue
689 175.45 75.34 Brown
690 178.97 79.58 Grey
691 169.34 83.39 Blue
692 160.65 75.48 Grey
693 177.46 83.27 Brown
694 172.56 99.67 Blue
695 173.97 67.78 Grey
696 176.31 67.11 Blue
697 171.59 78.46 Green
698 166.68 79.45 Green
699 164.71 67.18 Blue
700 169.43 70.47 Green
701 164.34 79.81 Green
702 174.02 83.42 Green
703 176.19 86.60 Blue
704 169.36 81.73 Brown
705 175.63 83.07 Green
706 171.55 78.46 Brown
707 189.03 90.17 Green
708 175.51 80.77 Green
709 169.43 84.87 Brown
710 167.14 77.28 Green
711 172.10 91.59 Grey
712 170.69 91.42 Brown
713 176.71 91.43 Brown
714 169.57 72.88 Green
715 168.83 78.01 Brown
716 171.89 85.76 Brown
717 165.82 69.40 Brown
718 171.08 70.35 Green
719 175.65 83.80 Brown
720 172.76 77.34 Blue
721 173.56 75.80 Green
722 178.50 76.52 Green
723 162.76 76.45 Green
724 177.50 91.95 Grey
725 178.07 78.37 Brown
726 173.23 89.69 Brown
727 164.04 81.18 Green
728 173.49 74.15 Green
729 174.65 88.83 Green
730 176.07 60.98 Brown
731 164.99 61.82 Grey
732 161.56 68.99 Blue
733 169.76 72.41 Green
734 166.49 78.71 Blue
735 172.92 77.92 Green
736 167.93 77.50 Green
737 165.93 91.40 Blue
738 159.45 75.37 Blue
739 163.46 74.01 Brown
740 167.44 69.65 Blue
741 166.15 81.39 Green
742 167.45 80.65 Blue
743 164.67 68.89 Grey
744 162.67 102.09 Green
745 183.01 73.55 Brown
746 180.67 84.56 Brown
747 167.39 96.59 Grey
748 167.58 81.70 Green
749 169.93 69.81 Blue
750 176.98 62.57 Green
751 159.50 62.20 Brown
752 162.84 76.54 Brown
753 167.54 89.88 Brown
754 174.87 93.86 Grey
755 176.85 82.13 Grey
756 168.86 85.09 Brown
757 168.42 82.96 Brown
758 164.02 71.92 Green
759 173.03 66.26 Green
760 184.86 81.35 Grey
761 178.21 86.86 Blue
762 173.48 92.93 Brown
763 167.62 64.62 Green
764 178.71 72.84 Green
765 160.30 85.65 Blue
766 165.24 49.76 Blue
767 159.09 58.92 Grey
768 183.83 84.34 Green
769 169.18 97.24 Grey
770 174.54 92.13 Blue
771 164.66 81.84 Grey
772 168.83 95.10 Brown
773 174.10 73.70 Green
774 169.69 77.06 Green
775 169.47 79.29 Grey
776 172.96 75.17 Brown
777 168.83 70.43 Blue
778 175.84 78.62 Grey
779 171.84 75.71 Grey
780 169.25 91.54 Blue
781 169.59 85.56 Grey
782 167.38 74.46 Green
783 165.09 82.85 Green
784 169.30 80.89 Blue
785 173.70 70.68 Grey
786 165.79 63.41 Grey
787 169.38 72.20 Blue
788 175.38 71.25 Brown
789 176.62 102.19 Grey
790 159.64 74.44 Blue
791 161.29 83.27 Green
792 169.66 77.54 Blue
793 172.14 75.32 Green
794 166.45 77.13 Blue
795 170.24 85.39 Grey
796 175.01 80.62 Brown
797 165.01 79.39 Blue
798 162.97 77.36 Green
799 172.82 95.14 Green
800 164.42 83.82 Blue
801 174.30 87.55 Brown
802 174.78 75.90 Blue
803 169.90 76.71 Green
804 161.21 75.84 Grey
805 163.60 67.99 Grey
806 171.39 78.69 Grey
807 169.30 93.69 Brown
808 178.37 69.19 Green
809 173.70 72.18 Green
810 166.66 73.58 Green
811 170.57 80.23 Blue
812 166.48 100.78 Green
813 172.42 66.62 Grey
814 164.64 85.24 Green
815 150.52 89.26 Grey
816 163.10 85.83 Blue
817 162.04 50.61 Green
818 168.68 67.57 Grey
819 167.36 90.12 Brown
820 166.83 86.97 Brown
821 157.76 70.08 Grey
822 174.27 92.32 Blue
823 179.37 89.10 Blue
824 172.71 91.13 Blue
825 174.51 88.98 Green
826 167.50 88.58 Blue
827 170.05 72.98 Grey
828 175.26 85.10 Brown
829 188.42 80.07 Blue
830 165.54 54.64 Grey
831 168.24 98.02 Green
832 167.59 54.37 Grey
833 167.65 77.26 Brown
834 162.63 79.34 Blue
835 164.88 90.70 Grey
836 172.42 75.26 Grey
837 168.82 92.78 Green
838 164.97 81.23 Green
839 161.28 69.55 Grey
840 177.39 82.57 Brown
841 168.99 84.11 Green
842 166.93 65.34 Grey
843 171.20 82.28 Grey
844 165.44 81.32 Green
845 160.39 86.15 Grey
846 169.26 77.20 Grey
847 181.94 81.13 Blue
848 170.99 90.23 Blue
849 162.23 80.55 Brown
850 166.99 69.06 Green
851 160.48 92.97 Grey
852 162.63 75.24 Blue
853 160.27 80.63 Green
854 169.29 71.35 Green
855 164.82 85.88 Brown
856 164.92 75.53 Brown
857 175.83 84.98 Brown
858 164.18 57.08 Brown
859 174.88 74.16 Grey
860 184.07 82.40 Blue
861 165.25 96.86 Green
862 167.98 79.98 Grey
863 163.54 85.75 Blue
864 166.27 62.22 Brown
865 170.16 92.70 Grey
866 167.47 65.32 Brown
867 170.40 76.65 Grey
868 175.59 76.30 Grey
869 170.84 90.99 Grey
870 168.53 86.80 Brown
871 170.87 96.13 Brown
872 177.29 90.67 Grey
873 166.37 97.12 Brown
874 180.70 68.55 Green
875 169.32 89.74 Blue
876 173.04 92.57 Grey
877 169.55 73.37 Grey
878 173.94 75.66 Blue
879 180.93 78.34 Grey
880 165.11 74.89 Grey
881 168.50 75.92 Brown
882 174.75 92.09 Blue
883 170.21 74.39 Green
884 170.22 64.08 Blue
885 167.67 91.61 Grey
886 165.97 66.76 Green
887 161.44 83.38 Green
888 161.59 83.75 Green
889 172.86 81.18 Blue
890 168.44 105.24 Blue
891 166.35 83.55 Brown
892 177.72 87.32 Brown
893 177.14 75.81 Green
894 172.05 76.73 Brown
895 174.33 75.88 Blue
896 170.05 73.28 Green
897 178.05 82.78 Green
898 169.49 66.11 Green
899 164.19 79.29 Grey
900 181.39 81.22 Brown
901 180.14 77.64 Brown
902 177.42 99.61 Blue
903 167.74 72.42 Brown
904 166.77 80.67 Grey
905 169.12 65.96 Grey
906 165.63 73.80 Grey
907 162.82 75.00 Brown
908 158.64 68.16 Grey
909 164.96 69.07 Green
910 172.02 97.95 Green
911 175.89 90.59 Grey
912 181.38 87.11 Brown
913 172.15 89.76 Brown
914 167.63 71.81 Brown
915 167.17 78.79 Blue
916 164.11 90.36 Grey
917 171.49 85.35 Green
918 176.63 90.32 Blue
919 173.27 93.20 Blue
920 178.98 85.53 Blue
921 165.12 57.57 Grey
922 176.43 73.87 Grey
923 167.85 75.73 Grey
924 168.00 50.08 Blue
925 171.49 84.30 Blue
926 166.09 73.55 Grey
927 171.01 78.50 Brown
928 172.12 56.27 Blue
929 163.42 81.43 Blue
930 165.22 74.25 Blue
931 164.87 72.70 Brown
932 169.43 86.40 Brown
933 168.01 69.21 Blue
934 164.46 56.49 Brown
935 172.36 57.74 Grey
936 164.09 76.18 Blue
937 171.02 83.06 Brown
938 174.92 72.00 Green
939 165.14 67.04 Green
940 168.40 86.39 Grey
941 172.32 91.72 Brown
942 174.58 87.16 Brown
943 169.48 71.70 Brown
944 169.61 75.26 Grey
945 169.96 88.87 Green
946 165.20 81.64 Blue
947 175.00 87.71 Blue
948 173.78 66.21 Grey
949 177.84 90.64 Blue
950 163.54 91.40 Blue
951 167.79 87.68 Blue
952 173.11 95.85 Green
953 164.79 64.62 Brown
954 163.35 70.12 Grey
955 172.90 77.04 Brown
956 172.74 73.23 Green
957 177.92 68.53 Green
958 164.23 74.80 Brown
959 172.93 78.58 Blue
960 164.91 77.31 Brown
961 165.41 105.19 Blue
962 171.00 87.41 Brown
963 164.77 68.47 Grey
964 173.85 82.10 Grey
965 174.23 83.45 Grey
966 168.58 86.42 Brown
967 175.17 69.54 Brown
968 170.23 91.32 Blue
969 167.38 90.24 Brown
970 176.71 74.03 Brown
971 185.53 91.12 Green
972 171.24 83.54 Green
973 166.15 82.36 Grey
974 155.39 90.93 Blue
975 166.40 79.50 Blue
976 175.50 67.59 Brown
977 165.68 87.50 Brown
978 172.63 80.82 Green
979 166.42 71.08 Brown
980 157.56 78.77 Green
981 155.46 76.50 Brown
982 169.05 89.64 Brown
983 176.84 67.85 Grey
984 167.14 82.62 Blue
985 171.83 65.14 Green
986 173.03 74.22 Green
987 168.70 87.45 Grey
988 166.95 86.23 Grey
989 176.65 93.53 Brown
990 159.05 79.68 Green
991 169.94 59.67 Blue
992 177.36 92.91 Blue
993 162.34 70.31 Green
994 172.73 73.25 Brown
995 175.45 77.63 Green
996 171.56 67.95 Brown
997 181.50 76.81 Grey
998 172.94 82.77 Grey
999 161.54 70.98 Grey
1000 162.35 66.61 Grey

Random assignment

I’m now going to flip (an imaginary, computer-generated) coin for each of these 1,000 individuals to assigned them to group A or B:

ID Height Weight Eye colour Group
1 165.22 91.24 Blue B
2 171.61 87.02 Brown A
3 173.51 84.52 Blue A
4 186.26 90.49 Blue B
5 164.66 70.02 Green B
6 168.95 72.04 Blue B
7 148.81 81.78 Grey B
8 172.11 77.02 Brown A
9 165.99 87.54 Blue B
10 173.19 79.84 Grey B
11 169.48 85.50 Green A
12 175.07 76.24 Grey A
13 166.08 69.96 Grey A
14 174.13 72.16 Blue A
15 160.75 84.37 Grey B
16 176.87 75.84 Green A
17 163.99 74.41 Brown A
18 169.72 88.74 Brown B
19 173.64 83.99 Grey B
20 173.66 87.56 Grey B
21 169.38 85.63 Brown B
22 170.22 83.28 Grey B
23 167.29 64.21 Green A
24 168.12 84.37 Blue B
25 171.65 72.39 Blue A
26 181.26 73.74 Blue B
27 176.11 84.67 Brown B
28 161.82 89.21 Brown B
29 169.18 101.46 Blue B
30 167.36 87.93 Blue B
31 171.20 74.63 Blue B
32 165.22 78.81 Blue A
33 162.76 92.91 Blue A
34 164.62 72.04 Grey B
35 176.28 69.98 Green A
36 177.87 82.64 Green A
37 170.93 86.60 Blue A
38 153.26 69.18 Brown B
39 157.73 83.89 Brown A
40 172.90 99.60 Blue B
41 182.31 91.65 Brown B
42 170.86 73.31 Grey A
43 163.71 92.16 Grey B
44 166.11 84.70 Green B
45 164.70 79.25 Grey A
46 178.27 74.09 Brown A
47 178.23 78.07 Grey B
48 167.79 83.83 Brown B
49 167.00 79.24 Blue A
50 166.73 82.04 Green B
51 182.60 89.27 Blue A
52 178.79 76.59 Green A
53 168.56 80.90 Brown B
54 162.96 81.14 Grey B
55 168.20 82.33 Blue B
56 168.02 85.78 Grey A
57 179.47 88.07 Blue B
58 164.38 64.31 Brown B
59 161.08 87.50 Green A
60 174.95 93.94 Green A
61 172.07 60.41 Blue B
62 175.08 79.48 Green B
63 165.76 86.21 Brown A
64 186.79 86.32 Green A
65 168.58 87.05 Brown A
66 173.23 95.36 Green A
67 176.97 91.84 Brown A
68 160.07 96.31 Grey A
69 170.51 75.48 Brown B
70 169.84 100.07 Blue A
71 163.63 76.50 Grey A
72 171.94 83.12 Grey A
73 182.30 80.00 Grey B
74 173.76 94.14 Blue A
75 174.40 77.72 Blue A
76 170.05 81.02 Grey A
77 170.28 82.38 Brown B
78 169.49 95.14 Brown B
79 158.22 85.33 Blue A
80 174.87 88.77 Grey B
81 160.21 89.56 Grey B
82 162.64 90.82 Grey B
83 177.11 80.85 Brown B
84 158.06 77.07 Green A
85 167.46 84.57 Green A
86 170.49 78.99 Blue B
87 170.59 80.45 Blue A
88 172.47 94.53 Blue B
89 170.16 78.17 Brown B
90 169.01 89.83 Brown B
91 174.51 71.72 Blue A
92 178.02 75.64 Brown A
93 175.52 86.76 Blue B
94 174.63 78.53 Grey A
95 166.88 93.79 Brown A
96 167.72 66.51 Blue B
97 179.93 75.38 Grey A
98 177.11 67.97 Grey B
99 172.37 88.64 Blue B
100 161.76 60.78 Brown B
101 163.90 71.11 Green B
102 172.17 83.30 Green A
103 171.87 82.42 Brown B
104 167.05 80.11 Green A
105 178.97 90.87 Grey A
106 170.44 80.44 Grey B
107 168.05 68.05 Brown A
108 164.04 96.94 Green A
109 168.97 67.41 Brown A
110 176.06 99.94 Grey A
111 172.96 83.67 Grey B
112 177.84 87.44 Green B
113 170.20 92.88 Brown B
114 167.78 91.15 Green A
115 163.38 82.98 Grey A
116 164.47 89.81 Grey B
117 166.14 85.60 Grey A
118 166.28 83.71 Brown A
119 164.56 72.45 Grey A
120 175.93 67.68 Brown A
121 175.07 74.09 Blue A
122 174.60 66.88 Green A
123 162.92 91.45 Brown A
124 175.50 90.07 Blue B
125 174.04 79.09 Brown B
126 167.54 88.97 Brown A
127 178.33 81.43 Green A
128 167.07 88.64 Brown B
129 162.92 96.65 Green B
130 175.97 61.60 Brown A
131 168.18 76.36 Green B
132 162.06 78.88 Grey A
133 162.48 93.20 Green B
134 167.31 84.94 Blue A
135 183.37 82.70 Grey A
136 164.37 99.97 Brown A
137 174.61 75.77 Brown B
138 163.50 76.46 Brown A
139 173.69 72.41 Green B
140 165.30 58.72 Green B
141 155.02 95.65 Blue B
142 168.76 76.99 Grey B
143 177.19 80.06 Brown A
144 174.70 77.79 Blue A
145 169.73 65.36 Blue B
146 167.84 68.05 Green A
147 168.69 74.44 Grey B
148 171.54 53.75 Green A
149 165.61 74.35 Green B
150 182.03 85.06 Green A
151 177.04 64.05 Brown B
152 154.38 95.53 Grey A
153 176.13 83.28 Blue A
154 167.93 80.62 Brown B
155 164.85 82.62 Blue B
156 175.77 63.03 Grey B
157 167.79 68.51 Brown B
158 164.87 76.51 Grey B
159 161.29 75.68 Green B
160 167.72 74.84 Blue B
161 180.61 59.50 Brown A
162 175.68 84.19 Grey B
163 171.50 68.41 Blue A
164 172.68 83.12 Grey A
165 173.30 66.70 Blue B
166 179.51 82.07 Grey B
167 166.04 71.92 Green A
168 176.56 87.09 Blue A
169 164.17 66.96 Green A
170 185.25 64.19 Blue A
171 170.59 72.07 Blue B
172 177.16 77.32 Green A
173 166.23 77.49 Blue B
174 161.28 71.23 Blue A
175 164.31 81.04 Blue A
176 164.60 108.25 Brown A
177 167.48 106.73 Blue A
178 167.59 80.52 Blue B
179 166.76 77.78 Blue A
180 166.47 62.94 Green B
181 164.30 79.02 Green B
182 176.52 86.30 Brown A
183 172.32 102.76 Green A
184 168.56 90.89 Grey A
185 174.50 102.69 Grey A
186 175.55 92.95 Grey B
187 161.73 72.29 Brown B
188 173.81 74.57 Green A
189 174.49 87.65 Brown A
190 159.32 85.93 Brown A
191 170.03 91.12 Brown B
192 172.49 77.02 Blue A
193 168.94 93.72 Grey B
194 164.64 106.12 Green A
195 169.99 82.95 Blue A
196 160.72 83.16 Green B
197 179.15 89.02 Brown B
198 168.54 92.62 Blue B
199 181.13 70.29 Green B
200 176.28 88.59 Blue B
201 171.24 83.59 Brown A
202 168.93 89.29 Brown B
203 168.34 89.51 Grey A
204 165.62 99.86 Brown A
205 175.95 76.47 Blue A
206 174.22 77.92 Grey A
207 160.42 74.56 Brown B
208 178.11 77.17 Brown B
209 172.24 69.64 Green A
210 174.94 77.61 Brown B
211 170.58 89.74 Brown A
212 177.36 75.33 Brown A
213 168.16 69.60 Grey B
214 172.17 84.26 Blue A
215 182.97 55.03 Brown A
216 181.18 84.47 Green B
217 167.84 76.65 Brown B
218 168.52 81.98 Green B
219 166.49 96.44 Green B
220 170.50 108.69 Blue A
221 173.36 101.02 Blue B
222 172.64 87.59 Green A
223 166.49 75.02 Green B
224 165.95 83.98 Grey B
225 169.23 72.24 Blue A
226 172.42 72.49 Green A
227 171.92 68.95 Blue B
228 172.30 80.72 Green B
229 173.83 71.72 Blue A
230 163.74 86.55 Grey A
231 167.09 91.54 Blue A
232 160.62 81.00 Blue A
233 170.55 79.36 Brown A
234 162.32 78.34 Brown B
235 179.95 93.91 Green B
236 171.37 63.51 Grey A
237 168.37 78.83 Blue B
238 168.66 73.53 Grey B
239 167.65 75.91 Brown A
240 168.65 84.08 Brown A
241 169.94 85.72 Brown B
242 173.28 80.17 Grey B
243 170.26 76.41 Brown A
244 164.42 67.14 Green A
245 167.69 79.00 Brown A
246 172.23 102.66 Green B
247 173.21 57.39 Brown A
248 171.51 70.41 Blue A
249 166.94 93.87 Brown B
250 170.60 77.85 Blue B
251 165.44 89.14 Blue A
252 163.98 86.60 Blue A
253 173.73 86.16 Brown A
254 175.42 76.41 Blue B
255 179.98 63.06 Grey A
256 165.95 63.95 Grey B
257 172.70 87.23 Blue B
258 170.12 79.24 Grey B
259 166.87 75.11 Blue B
260 172.48 78.33 Blue B
261 159.50 78.72 Brown A
262 169.23 89.97 Brown A
263 164.24 76.34 Grey A
264 161.43 79.70 Blue B
265 179.96 72.22 Green A
266 169.62 97.44 Blue B
267 154.81 87.03 Grey B
268 165.97 80.02 Blue A
269 171.60 75.15 Green B
270 184.95 106.85 Green A
271 168.85 89.83 Blue A
272 180.54 73.00 Blue B
273 167.00 83.42 Grey A
274 174.58 70.35 Brown B
275 166.15 91.69 Green A
276 164.60 92.82 Blue B
277 170.72 93.95 Brown A
278 176.36 83.59 Brown A
279 173.20 87.83 Blue A
280 170.66 99.40 Blue A
281 175.36 82.81 Green A
282 172.26 72.48 Blue A
283 174.60 77.98 Grey B
284 174.61 71.87 Green A
285 175.24 96.44 Blue A
286 158.40 70.79 Green B
287 166.94 74.54 Blue A
288 163.26 90.08 Grey B
289 168.28 65.44 Green A
290 177.46 84.89 Blue B
291 169.04 77.35 Grey A
292 162.66 90.12 Brown A
293 172.26 79.07 Brown A
294 163.47 78.20 Green B
295 184.76 80.45 Brown B
296 176.14 88.47 Brown A
297 172.61 93.87 Green B
298 174.24 64.06 Blue B
299 160.82 66.75 Green B
300 174.30 73.89 Green B
301 171.25 73.33 Grey B
302 163.21 81.48 Blue B
303 166.00 88.10 Brown A
304 177.94 91.97 Brown B
305 164.52 68.73 Grey A
306 168.65 81.48 Grey A
307 161.92 85.33 Blue B
308 167.81 88.72 Brown A
309 178.54 70.08 Grey B
310 166.54 93.65 Grey A
311 162.54 93.46 Brown A
312 173.61 82.42 Grey A
313 175.48 68.71 Brown B
314 160.26 77.79 Brown B
315 162.31 90.74 Green B
316 172.22 87.15 Grey A
317 162.05 85.73 Green A
318 168.49 78.55 Grey A
319 169.62 84.48 Grey A
320 169.27 78.37 Blue A
321 159.73 83.64 Green A
322 172.28 76.83 Blue A
323 157.81 83.20 Green A
324 163.31 93.53 Blue A
325 173.98 69.43 Grey A
326 172.11 91.46 Blue B
327 171.86 79.20 Grey A
328 169.91 63.13 Brown A
329 171.62 69.20 Green A
330 177.21 69.48 Grey A
331 169.12 75.29 Blue A
332 162.17 62.00 Green A
333 176.21 88.10 Grey B
334 176.02 71.93 Grey B
335 163.88 76.38 Grey B
336 164.66 81.72 Green A
337 165.05 76.56 Blue A
338 178.43 81.00 Green A
339 166.56 96.04 Grey B
340 172.50 84.17 Green A
341 180.75 70.59 Blue A
342 165.93 81.68 Blue A
343 163.13 85.13 Grey A
344 177.62 86.03 Grey A
345 172.97 61.90 Brown A
346 164.73 80.59 Green A
347 165.01 81.27 Brown B
348 168.31 96.07 Blue A
349 167.28 75.09 Green B
350 166.11 68.72 Blue B
351 169.81 79.79 Blue A
352 170.38 91.19 Grey A
353 165.59 78.61 Grey B
354 172.05 77.10 Green A
355 164.13 64.05 Blue A
356 161.98 79.85 Blue A
357 166.15 70.58 Brown A
358 166.75 71.71 Grey A
359 157.38 80.99 Green B
360 164.97 84.85 Blue A
361 166.09 71.85 Green A
362 182.80 78.94 Green B
363 170.93 79.21 Green A
364 180.61 78.34 Grey A
365 163.91 67.97 Brown B
366 159.98 82.04 Blue B
367 163.81 55.59 Brown A
368 172.12 80.01 Green B
369 158.21 75.47 Grey A
370 174.64 72.92 Grey A
371 175.23 62.86 Brown B
372 169.66 74.56 Blue B
373 167.01 83.06 Green A
374 156.78 86.50 Grey A
375 164.02 84.78 Brown A
376 174.27 92.90 Blue B
377 167.59 77.81 Brown A
378 164.63 91.91 Grey A
379 173.26 86.32 Blue B
380 173.70 76.77 Green A
381 169.19 80.20 Brown B
382 177.17 69.43 Grey A
383 175.69 87.87 Blue B
384 171.80 83.35 Blue B
385 170.10 85.60 Blue B
386 162.37 71.84 Blue A
387 171.05 74.02 Green A
388 168.66 65.12 Blue A
389 167.18 67.13 Brown A
390 169.87 67.05 Blue A
391 176.04 71.74 Grey A
392 166.45 70.53 Brown A
393 164.96 67.93 Brown A
394 173.40 72.34 Blue A
395 176.30 94.57 Blue B
396 174.14 69.70 Grey A
397 173.04 77.40 Grey A
398 167.58 99.40 Blue A
399 176.51 80.04 Green B
400 163.69 85.61 Blue B
401 163.20 73.33 Brown B
402 168.66 89.70 Grey B
403 159.77 92.98 Brown A
404 166.90 64.66 Grey B
405 167.16 57.29 Grey A
406 168.54 67.30 Blue B
407 171.58 84.96 Blue B
408 168.32 62.67 Blue B
409 169.92 73.28 Grey B
410 168.79 88.60 Grey B
411 169.86 92.78 Brown B
412 169.32 82.77 Grey B
413 176.43 94.95 Blue B
414 165.29 81.95 Brown A
415 167.54 72.27 Blue A
416 166.16 74.54 Green A
417 176.45 86.19 Brown B
418 184.70 74.90 Blue A
419 168.63 76.22 Brown A
420 172.12 95.58 Blue A
421 173.08 72.38 Blue A
422 171.51 72.91 Brown A
423 179.16 85.23 Green A
424 169.95 80.36 Green A
425 171.63 78.87 Grey B
426 168.41 76.90 Blue B
427 172.80 87.86 Green A
428 164.63 71.56 Blue B
429 175.18 70.04 Grey B
430 170.85 70.57 Green B
431 166.44 87.10 Brown B
432 164.23 92.90 Blue A
433 170.84 72.40 Green B
434 178.61 69.02 Green A
435 168.18 71.94 Blue A
436 163.71 77.66 Grey B
437 165.94 81.52 Blue A
438 171.60 73.68 Green A
439 167.53 79.81 Brown A
440 166.01 78.70 Green B
441 167.29 59.55 Green A
442 171.66 94.93 Green B
443 172.37 76.70 Green B
444 168.55 82.52 Blue A
445 166.56 72.46 Blue B
446 173.61 68.14 Blue A
447 166.52 80.67 Brown A
448 163.93 86.58 Green B
449 173.99 59.50 Green B
450 167.20 83.21 Brown A
451 168.69 78.83 Brown B
452 179.44 88.72 Brown B
453 178.88 99.01 Grey B
454 172.67 68.87 Grey B
455 169.68 66.50 Brown A
456 177.83 86.18 Brown A
457 167.47 77.47 Grey B
458 172.13 85.07 Brown A
459 168.53 83.82 Green A
460 162.71 83.97 Grey B
461 167.02 73.07 Grey A
462 173.75 81.08 Green B
463 166.86 62.30 Brown A
464 170.11 88.27 Brown A
465 171.79 99.53 Green A
466 166.21 78.69 Green B
467 174.87 62.14 Blue B
468 161.14 81.21 Green B
469 171.67 76.70 Grey B
470 178.94 91.67 Green A
471 173.17 90.73 Blue A
472 177.39 81.30 Blue B
473 170.62 88.26 Green B
474 183.13 100.39 Grey B
475 169.55 75.70 Grey A
476 156.88 66.22 Green B
477 170.55 91.76 Grey A
478 164.36 77.00 Brown A
479 172.89 81.83 Grey A
480 163.48 89.64 Brown A
481 165.91 72.71 Brown A
482 170.35 69.22 Grey A
483 160.98 92.93 Brown B
484 170.93 74.11 Grey A
485 174.47 62.90 Brown B
486 175.06 74.40 Green B
487 183.01 66.97 Green B
488 167.62 75.61 Grey A
489 172.96 77.86 Blue A
490 172.78 66.46 Grey B
491 157.71 101.25 Brown B
492 171.50 72.19 Green B
493 165.05 89.36 Brown B
494 163.54 82.37 Brown A
495 170.82 71.58 Green A
496 171.62 71.61 Green B
497 177.59 63.25 Blue A
498 170.85 81.72 Grey A
499 169.04 95.83 Blue B
500 169.85 90.09 Green B
501 175.40 94.06 Brown B
502 172.10 69.34 Brown A
503 178.65 78.66 Grey B
504 169.87 74.38 Green B
505 166.32 82.86 Brown A
506 166.09 76.45 Blue B
507 168.65 85.05 Blue A
508 168.17 75.08 Green B
509 170.74 88.11 Blue A
510 159.62 92.64 Green A
511 171.79 74.08 Brown A
512 171.46 85.21 Brown A
513 163.03 103.03 Blue A
514 164.16 72.19 Blue B
515 169.23 86.93 Green A
516 171.41 87.91 Grey B
517 171.56 72.96 Grey B
518 171.49 78.00 Green A
519 161.37 87.18 Green B
520 169.79 78.48 Grey A
521 167.49 80.66 Grey B
522 172.72 75.43 Green B
523 163.68 89.20 Brown B
524 176.57 93.35 Green B
525 163.63 74.69 Blue B
526 169.15 85.02 Brown A
527 168.93 74.92 Grey B
528 175.19 76.65 Blue A
529 162.62 72.81 Grey B
530 165.97 81.08 Blue A
531 173.89 87.59 Grey B
532 167.40 74.91 Green A
533 171.03 94.83 Blue B
534 173.69 99.76 Blue B
535 176.74 81.47 Blue A
536 166.65 70.96 Grey A
537 169.49 76.54 Brown A
538 177.62 88.36 Blue B
539 170.28 94.97 Green B
540 171.87 82.85 Brown B
541 171.93 94.19 Brown B
542 170.49 85.11 Brown A
543 163.31 86.08 Brown A
544 182.33 82.39 Brown B
545 155.02 91.53 Green B
546 171.69 75.22 Blue B
547 169.72 73.59 Grey B
548 169.20 82.12 Blue B
549 162.30 85.49 Brown B
550 179.00 88.44 Blue B
551 170.21 77.03 Green A
552 164.71 84.83 Brown B
553 176.67 65.28 Green B
554 179.40 91.42 Green B
555 173.85 75.26 Brown A
556 170.46 73.96 Green B
557 168.41 66.41 Brown B
558 161.79 66.45 Green B
559 169.08 82.70 Brown B
560 173.57 78.55 Brown B
561 173.27 87.18 Grey A
562 168.13 86.02 Blue B
563 179.47 80.59 Green B
564 164.08 70.64 Brown A
565 176.17 84.81 Green B
566 178.41 97.51 Brown A
567 165.33 72.01 Blue A
568 176.60 89.84 Grey A
569 161.14 73.28 Green A
570 164.70 95.33 Green B
571 165.07 77.45 Brown B
572 171.74 87.16 Brown A
573 168.90 85.79 Green A
574 165.39 80.70 Brown A
575 172.82 80.99 Grey B
576 181.37 91.65 Brown B
577 179.57 100.95 Brown A
578 165.31 76.85 Grey A
579 160.12 78.36 Green B
580 176.68 81.00 Grey B
581 175.73 62.15 Blue A
582 169.73 87.68 Brown A
583 171.85 82.13 Blue B
584 173.37 86.39 Grey A
585 175.68 77.05 Brown B
586 171.09 71.52 Green B
587 176.82 92.20 Green A
588 168.56 68.86 Green A
589 163.78 73.12 Brown A
590 169.28 82.16 Green B
591 170.68 75.48 Brown A
592 168.30 64.37 Grey A
593 169.77 70.97 Brown A
594 183.91 78.63 Blue B
595 174.06 79.45 Green A
596 171.25 88.46 Grey A
597 170.04 78.07 Blue B
598 166.31 89.51 Brown B
599 167.07 79.11 Grey B
600 158.16 78.73 Green B
601 174.48 72.14 Green B
602 172.37 66.67 Green B
603 171.29 70.96 Grey B
604 171.33 97.30 Green A
605 171.37 75.94 Blue A
606 168.95 88.56 Blue A
607 171.12 78.52 Green B
608 167.58 79.55 Blue A
609 169.08 66.31 Green A
610 175.31 71.10 Grey A
611 169.24 87.51 Grey A
612 167.80 56.37 Blue A
613 171.63 75.96 Green B
614 169.22 99.16 Brown A
615 157.78 84.04 Brown B
616 168.39 72.75 Blue A
617 176.52 75.37 Brown A
618 171.09 70.64 Brown A
619 174.84 67.59 Blue A
620 170.42 62.67 Green A
621 169.30 71.38 Grey A
622 171.89 69.82 Grey A
623 164.90 93.11 Green A
624 164.31 75.27 Brown A
625 164.34 79.77 Green A
626 162.69 87.54 Brown A
627 164.46 84.26 Grey A
628 169.72 95.10 Grey A
629 161.62 88.39 Blue A
630 173.71 56.35 Green A
631 163.46 69.50 Brown A
632 167.33 80.46 Grey A
633 171.31 88.84 Blue A
634 165.79 92.17 Grey B
635 175.50 73.35 Blue A
636 171.65 78.68 Brown B
637 161.70 80.50 Brown A
638 167.18 81.09 Brown B
639 163.16 94.90 Grey B
640 162.24 82.71 Blue B
641 171.14 73.66 Green B
642 165.04 69.97 Blue B
643 180.27 74.72 Grey A
644 181.01 85.71 Blue A
645 165.76 85.86 Green B
646 162.54 92.42 Blue A
647 173.13 81.26 Brown B
648 170.56 73.11 Brown B
649 165.06 82.81 Green B
650 164.23 73.69 Brown B
651 184.59 87.48 Green A
652 163.85 71.95 Brown B
653 159.26 74.71 Brown A
654 174.64 83.33 Blue B
655 172.44 74.03 Blue B
656 176.61 93.59 Green A
657 176.06 88.82 Brown A
658 171.44 72.01 Blue B
659 173.43 90.66 Grey A
660 172.44 77.77 Grey A
661 170.48 76.96 Grey B
662 161.49 71.47 Grey B
663 180.91 81.35 Green B
664 171.74 75.21 Green A
665 176.36 82.96 Grey B
666 174.97 76.26 Green B
667 164.24 94.99 Brown A
668 176.22 75.85 Grey B
669 174.62 56.41 Brown A
670 166.94 81.59 Grey B
671 169.28 75.86 Blue A
672 168.85 84.99 Grey A
673 171.53 81.07 Brown B
674 171.06 77.48 Blue B
675 166.62 101.36 Brown B
676 176.75 68.74 Grey B
677 164.59 75.39 Brown B
678 167.87 84.81 Brown A
679 168.61 84.09 Grey B
680 170.20 82.17 Grey A
681 170.81 82.98 Green A
682 158.73 87.86 Green B
683 170.46 90.57 Grey A
684 161.27 89.64 Brown A
685 174.00 79.57 Grey A
686 169.49 78.74 Green A
687 164.67 80.61 Blue A
688 168.06 76.88 Blue A
689 175.45 75.34 Brown B
690 178.97 79.58 Grey A
691 169.34 83.39 Blue B
692 160.65 75.48 Grey B
693 177.46 83.27 Brown B
694 172.56 99.67 Blue A
695 173.97 67.78 Grey B
696 176.31 67.11 Blue B
697 171.59 78.46 Green A
698 166.68 79.45 Green A
699 164.71 67.18 Blue B
700 169.43 70.47 Green A
701 164.34 79.81 Green B
702 174.02 83.42 Green B
703 176.19 86.60 Blue A
704 169.36 81.73 Brown B
705 175.63 83.07 Green A
706 171.55 78.46 Brown B
707 189.03 90.17 Green B
708 175.51 80.77 Green A
709 169.43 84.87 Brown B
710 167.14 77.28 Green B
711 172.10 91.59 Grey B
712 170.69 91.42 Brown B
713 176.71 91.43 Brown A
714 169.57 72.88 Green A
715 168.83 78.01 Brown B
716 171.89 85.76 Brown A
717 165.82 69.40 Brown B
718 171.08 70.35 Green B
719 175.65 83.80 Brown A
720 172.76 77.34 Blue B
721 173.56 75.80 Green B
722 178.50 76.52 Green A
723 162.76 76.45 Green A
724 177.50 91.95 Grey B
725 178.07 78.37 Brown A
726 173.23 89.69 Brown A
727 164.04 81.18 Green A
728 173.49 74.15 Green A
729 174.65 88.83 Green B
730 176.07 60.98 Brown A
731 164.99 61.82 Grey A
732 161.56 68.99 Blue A
733 169.76 72.41 Green B
734 166.49 78.71 Blue B
735 172.92 77.92 Green B
736 167.93 77.50 Green B
737 165.93 91.40 Blue B
738 159.45 75.37 Blue A
739 163.46 74.01 Brown B
740 167.44 69.65 Blue A
741 166.15 81.39 Green B
742 167.45 80.65 Blue B
743 164.67 68.89 Grey A
744 162.67 102.09 Green B
745 183.01 73.55 Brown A
746 180.67 84.56 Brown B
747 167.39 96.59 Grey A
748 167.58 81.70 Green B
749 169.93 69.81 Blue B
750 176.98 62.57 Green B
751 159.50 62.20 Brown A
752 162.84 76.54 Brown B
753 167.54 89.88 Brown B
754 174.87 93.86 Grey A
755 176.85 82.13 Grey A
756 168.86 85.09 Brown B
757 168.42 82.96 Brown B
758 164.02 71.92 Green B
759 173.03 66.26 Green A
760 184.86 81.35 Grey A
761 178.21 86.86 Blue B
762 173.48 92.93 Brown B
763 167.62 64.62 Green A
764 178.71 72.84 Green A
765 160.30 85.65 Blue A
766 165.24 49.76 Blue B
767 159.09 58.92 Grey A
768 183.83 84.34 Green B
769 169.18 97.24 Grey A
770 174.54 92.13 Blue A
771 164.66 81.84 Grey B
772 168.83 95.10 Brown B
773 174.10 73.70 Green A
774 169.69 77.06 Green B
775 169.47 79.29 Grey A
776 172.96 75.17 Brown B
777 168.83 70.43 Blue A
778 175.84 78.62 Grey B
779 171.84 75.71 Grey A
780 169.25 91.54 Blue B
781 169.59 85.56 Grey A
782 167.38 74.46 Green A
783 165.09 82.85 Green A
784 169.30 80.89 Blue A
785 173.70 70.68 Grey A
786 165.79 63.41 Grey A
787 169.38 72.20 Blue B
788 175.38 71.25 Brown A
789 176.62 102.19 Grey B
790 159.64 74.44 Blue A
791 161.29 83.27 Green B
792 169.66 77.54 Blue B
793 172.14 75.32 Green A
794 166.45 77.13 Blue B
795 170.24 85.39 Grey B
796 175.01 80.62 Brown B
797 165.01 79.39 Blue A
798 162.97 77.36 Green A
799 172.82 95.14 Green B
800 164.42 83.82 Blue B
801 174.30 87.55 Brown B
802 174.78 75.90 Blue A
803 169.90 76.71 Green B
804 161.21 75.84 Grey B
805 163.60 67.99 Grey A
806 171.39 78.69 Grey A
807 169.30 93.69 Brown A
808 178.37 69.19 Green A
809 173.70 72.18 Green A
810 166.66 73.58 Green B
811 170.57 80.23 Blue A
812 166.48 100.78 Green A
813 172.42 66.62 Grey A
814 164.64 85.24 Green A
815 150.52 89.26 Grey B
816 163.10 85.83 Blue A
817 162.04 50.61 Green A
818 168.68 67.57 Grey A
819 167.36 90.12 Brown B
820 166.83 86.97 Brown A
821 157.76 70.08 Grey B
822 174.27 92.32 Blue B
823 179.37 89.10 Blue A
824 172.71 91.13 Blue A
825 174.51 88.98 Green A
826 167.50 88.58 Blue A
827 170.05 72.98 Grey A
828 175.26 85.10 Brown B
829 188.42 80.07 Blue A
830 165.54 54.64 Grey A
831 168.24 98.02 Green B
832 167.59 54.37 Grey A
833 167.65 77.26 Brown B
834 162.63 79.34 Blue A
835 164.88 90.70 Grey B
836 172.42 75.26 Grey A
837 168.82 92.78 Green A
838 164.97 81.23 Green B
839 161.28 69.55 Grey A
840 177.39 82.57 Brown B
841 168.99 84.11 Green A
842 166.93 65.34 Grey A
843 171.20 82.28 Grey A
844 165.44 81.32 Green B
845 160.39 86.15 Grey A
846 169.26 77.20 Grey A
847 181.94 81.13 Blue B
848 170.99 90.23 Blue A
849 162.23 80.55 Brown A
850 166.99 69.06 Green B
851 160.48 92.97 Grey A
852 162.63 75.24 Blue A
853 160.27 80.63 Green A
854 169.29 71.35 Green A
855 164.82 85.88 Brown A
856 164.92 75.53 Brown B
857 175.83 84.98 Brown B
858 164.18 57.08 Brown A
859 174.88 74.16 Grey B
860 184.07 82.40 Blue B
861 165.25 96.86 Green A
862 167.98 79.98 Grey B
863 163.54 85.75 Blue A
864 166.27 62.22 Brown A
865 170.16 92.70 Grey A
866 167.47 65.32 Brown A
867 170.40 76.65 Grey A
868 175.59 76.30 Grey A
869 170.84 90.99 Grey A
870 168.53 86.80 Brown A
871 170.87 96.13 Brown B
872 177.29 90.67 Grey A
873 166.37 97.12 Brown B
874 180.70 68.55 Green A
875 169.32 89.74 Blue A
876 173.04 92.57 Grey B
877 169.55 73.37 Grey B
878 173.94 75.66 Blue B
879 180.93 78.34 Grey A
880 165.11 74.89 Grey A
881 168.50 75.92 Brown A
882 174.75 92.09 Blue B
883 170.21 74.39 Green B
884 170.22 64.08 Blue B
885 167.67 91.61 Grey B
886 165.97 66.76 Green B
887 161.44 83.38 Green B
888 161.59 83.75 Green B
889 172.86 81.18 Blue A
890 168.44 105.24 Blue A
891 166.35 83.55 Brown B
892 177.72 87.32 Brown B
893 177.14 75.81 Green B
894 172.05 76.73 Brown A
895 174.33 75.88 Blue A
896 170.05 73.28 Green B
897 178.05 82.78 Green B
898 169.49 66.11 Green A
899 164.19 79.29 Grey B
900 181.39 81.22 Brown A
901 180.14 77.64 Brown A
902 177.42 99.61 Blue B
903 167.74 72.42 Brown B
904 166.77 80.67 Grey B
905 169.12 65.96 Grey B
906 165.63 73.80 Grey A
907 162.82 75.00 Brown B
908 158.64 68.16 Grey B
909 164.96 69.07 Green B
910 172.02 97.95 Green B
911 175.89 90.59 Grey B
912 181.38 87.11 Brown B
913 172.15 89.76 Brown B
914 167.63 71.81 Brown A
915 167.17 78.79 Blue B
916 164.11 90.36 Grey B
917 171.49 85.35 Green B
918 176.63 90.32 Blue A
919 173.27 93.20 Blue A
920 178.98 85.53 Blue B
921 165.12 57.57 Grey B
922 176.43 73.87 Grey A
923 167.85 75.73 Grey B
924 168.00 50.08 Blue A
925 171.49 84.30 Blue A
926 166.09 73.55 Grey B
927 171.01 78.50 Brown B
928 172.12 56.27 Blue B
929 163.42 81.43 Blue B
930 165.22 74.25 Blue B
931 164.87 72.70 Brown A
932 169.43 86.40 Brown B
933 168.01 69.21 Blue B
934 164.46 56.49 Brown A
935 172.36 57.74 Grey B
936 164.09 76.18 Blue B
937 171.02 83.06 Brown B
938 174.92 72.00 Green A
939 165.14 67.04 Green A
940 168.40 86.39 Grey A
941 172.32 91.72 Brown B
942 174.58 87.16 Brown B
943 169.48 71.70 Brown B
944 169.61 75.26 Grey B
945 169.96 88.87 Green B
946 165.20 81.64 Blue B
947 175.00 87.71 Blue A
948 173.78 66.21 Grey B
949 177.84 90.64 Blue A
950 163.54 91.40 Blue B
951 167.79 87.68 Blue B
952 173.11 95.85 Green B
953 164.79 64.62 Brown A
954 163.35 70.12 Grey A
955 172.90 77.04 Brown B
956 172.74 73.23 Green B
957 177.92 68.53 Green B
958 164.23 74.80 Brown A
959 172.93 78.58 Blue B
960 164.91 77.31 Brown A
961 165.41 105.19 Blue A
962 171.00 87.41 Brown A
963 164.77 68.47 Grey B
964 173.85 82.10 Grey A
965 174.23 83.45 Grey A
966 168.58 86.42 Brown B
967 175.17 69.54 Brown B
968 170.23 91.32 Blue A
969 167.38 90.24 Brown A
970 176.71 74.03 Brown A
971 185.53 91.12 Green A
972 171.24 83.54 Green B
973 166.15 82.36 Grey A
974 155.39 90.93 Blue A
975 166.40 79.50 Blue A
976 175.50 67.59 Brown A
977 165.68 87.50 Brown B
978 172.63 80.82 Green B
979 166.42 71.08 Brown A
980 157.56 78.77 Green A
981 155.46 76.50 Brown B
982 169.05 89.64 Brown B
983 176.84 67.85 Grey B
984 167.14 82.62 Blue B
985 171.83 65.14 Green B
986 173.03 74.22 Green B
987 168.70 87.45 Grey A
988 166.95 86.23 Grey A
989 176.65 93.53 Brown A
990 159.05 79.68 Green A
991 169.94 59.67 Blue A
992 177.36 92.91 Blue B
993 162.34 70.31 Green A
994 172.73 73.25 Brown B
995 175.45 77.63 Green B
996 171.56 67.95 Brown A
997 181.50 76.81 Grey A
998 172.94 82.77 Grey A
999 161.54 70.98 Grey B
1000 162.35 66.61 Grey B

How similar are these groups?

Let’s first check their heights:

How similar are these groups?

And their weights:

How similar are these groups?

And their eye colors:

Making sure this wasn’t a fluke

Let’s re-run this:

ID Height Weight Eye colour Group
1 165.22 91.24 Blue A
2 171.61 87.02 Brown B
3 173.51 84.52 Blue B
4 186.26 90.49 Blue A
5 164.66 70.02 Green A
6 168.95 72.04 Blue A
7 148.81 81.78 Grey B
8 172.11 77.02 Brown B
9 165.99 87.54 Blue A
10 173.19 79.84 Grey A
11 169.48 85.50 Green A
12 175.07 76.24 Grey A
13 166.08 69.96 Grey B
14 174.13 72.16 Blue B
15 160.75 84.37 Grey A
16 176.87 75.84 Green A
17 163.99 74.41 Brown A
18 169.72 88.74 Brown A
19 173.64 83.99 Grey A
20 173.66 87.56 Grey A
21 169.38 85.63 Brown B
22 170.22 83.28 Grey A
23 167.29 64.21 Green A
24 168.12 84.37 Blue A
25 171.65 72.39 Blue A
26 181.26 73.74 Blue B
27 176.11 84.67 Brown A
28 161.82 89.21 Brown B
29 169.18 101.46 Blue B
30 167.36 87.93 Blue A
31 171.20 74.63 Blue B
32 165.22 78.81 Blue A
33 162.76 92.91 Blue B
34 164.62 72.04 Grey B
35 176.28 69.98 Green A
36 177.87 82.64 Green B
37 170.93 86.60 Blue B
38 153.26 69.18 Brown B
39 157.73 83.89 Brown B
40 172.90 99.60 Blue B
41 182.31 91.65 Brown A
42 170.86 73.31 Grey B
43 163.71 92.16 Grey A
44 166.11 84.70 Green B
45 164.70 79.25 Grey B
46 178.27 74.09 Brown B
47 178.23 78.07 Grey A
48 167.79 83.83 Brown B
49 167.00 79.24 Blue A
50 166.73 82.04 Green A
51 182.60 89.27 Blue B
52 178.79 76.59 Green B
53 168.56 80.90 Brown A
54 162.96 81.14 Grey A
55 168.20 82.33 Blue B
56 168.02 85.78 Grey A
57 179.47 88.07 Blue B
58 164.38 64.31 Brown A
59 161.08 87.50 Green B
60 174.95 93.94 Green A
61 172.07 60.41 Blue B
62 175.08 79.48 Green B
63 165.76 86.21 Brown B
64 186.79 86.32 Green A
65 168.58 87.05 Brown A
66 173.23 95.36 Green B
67 176.97 91.84 Brown B
68 160.07 96.31 Grey B
69 170.51 75.48 Brown B
70 169.84 100.07 Blue B
71 163.63 76.50 Grey A
72 171.94 83.12 Grey A
73 182.30 80.00 Grey B
74 173.76 94.14 Blue B
75 174.40 77.72 Blue A
76 170.05 81.02 Grey A
77 170.28 82.38 Brown A
78 169.49 95.14 Brown A
79 158.22 85.33 Blue A
80 174.87 88.77 Grey B
81 160.21 89.56 Grey A
82 162.64 90.82 Grey B
83 177.11 80.85 Brown B
84 158.06 77.07 Green A
85 167.46 84.57 Green A
86 170.49 78.99 Blue A
87 170.59 80.45 Blue A
88 172.47 94.53 Blue B
89 170.16 78.17 Brown B
90 169.01 89.83 Brown A
91 174.51 71.72 Blue A
92 178.02 75.64 Brown A
93 175.52 86.76 Blue A
94 174.63 78.53 Grey B
95 166.88 93.79 Brown A
96 167.72 66.51 Blue A
97 179.93 75.38 Grey B
98 177.11 67.97 Grey A
99 172.37 88.64 Blue A
100 161.76 60.78 Brown B
101 163.90 71.11 Green B
102 172.17 83.30 Green A
103 171.87 82.42 Brown A
104 167.05 80.11 Green B
105 178.97 90.87 Grey A
106 170.44 80.44 Grey A
107 168.05 68.05 Brown B
108 164.04 96.94 Green A
109 168.97 67.41 Brown B
110 176.06 99.94 Grey A
111 172.96 83.67 Grey B
112 177.84 87.44 Green A
113 170.20 92.88 Brown B
114 167.78 91.15 Green B
115 163.38 82.98 Grey A
116 164.47 89.81 Grey A
117 166.14 85.60 Grey B
118 166.28 83.71 Brown A
119 164.56 72.45 Grey B
120 175.93 67.68 Brown B
121 175.07 74.09 Blue B
122 174.60 66.88 Green A
123 162.92 91.45 Brown B
124 175.50 90.07 Blue B
125 174.04 79.09 Brown A
126 167.54 88.97 Brown B
127 178.33 81.43 Green B
128 167.07 88.64 Brown B
129 162.92 96.65 Green A
130 175.97 61.60 Brown A
131 168.18 76.36 Green B
132 162.06 78.88 Grey B
133 162.48 93.20 Green A
134 167.31 84.94 Blue A
135 183.37 82.70 Grey B
136 164.37 99.97 Brown A
137 174.61 75.77 Brown A
138 163.50 76.46 Brown B
139 173.69 72.41 Green A
140 165.30 58.72 Green A
141 155.02 95.65 Blue B
142 168.76 76.99 Grey A
143 177.19 80.06 Brown B
144 174.70 77.79 Blue B
145 169.73 65.36 Blue A
146 167.84 68.05 Green B
147 168.69 74.44 Grey A
148 171.54 53.75 Green A
149 165.61 74.35 Green B
150 182.03 85.06 Green A
151 177.04 64.05 Brown B
152 154.38 95.53 Grey A
153 176.13 83.28 Blue A
154 167.93 80.62 Brown A
155 164.85 82.62 Blue B
156 175.77 63.03 Grey B
157 167.79 68.51 Brown A
158 164.87 76.51 Grey A
159 161.29 75.68 Green A
160 167.72 74.84 Blue B
161 180.61 59.50 Brown A
162 175.68 84.19 Grey A
163 171.50 68.41 Blue A
164 172.68 83.12 Grey A
165 173.30 66.70 Blue B
166 179.51 82.07 Grey A
167 166.04 71.92 Green B
168 176.56 87.09 Blue A
169 164.17 66.96 Green B
170 185.25 64.19 Blue B
171 170.59 72.07 Blue A
172 177.16 77.32 Green A
173 166.23 77.49 Blue A
174 161.28 71.23 Blue B
175 164.31 81.04 Blue B
176 164.60 108.25 Brown A
177 167.48 106.73 Blue B
178 167.59 80.52 Blue A
179 166.76 77.78 Blue B
180 166.47 62.94 Green A
181 164.30 79.02 Green A
182 176.52 86.30 Brown B
183 172.32 102.76 Green A
184 168.56 90.89 Grey A
185 174.50 102.69 Grey A
186 175.55 92.95 Grey A
187 161.73 72.29 Brown B
188 173.81 74.57 Green A
189 174.49 87.65 Brown B
190 159.32 85.93 Brown B
191 170.03 91.12 Brown A
192 172.49 77.02 Blue A
193 168.94 93.72 Grey A
194 164.64 106.12 Green B
195 169.99 82.95 Blue A
196 160.72 83.16 Green B
197 179.15 89.02 Brown A
198 168.54 92.62 Blue A
199 181.13 70.29 Green A
200 176.28 88.59 Blue A
201 171.24 83.59 Brown B
202 168.93 89.29 Brown B
203 168.34 89.51 Grey A
204 165.62 99.86 Brown B
205 175.95 76.47 Blue B
206 174.22 77.92 Grey B
207 160.42 74.56 Brown B
208 178.11 77.17 Brown B
209 172.24 69.64 Green A
210 174.94 77.61 Brown B
211 170.58 89.74 Brown B
212 177.36 75.33 Brown A
213 168.16 69.60 Grey A
214 172.17 84.26 Blue A
215 182.97 55.03 Brown B
216 181.18 84.47 Green B
217 167.84 76.65 Brown B
218 168.52 81.98 Green A
219 166.49 96.44 Green A
220 170.50 108.69 Blue B
221 173.36 101.02 Blue A
222 172.64 87.59 Green B
223 166.49 75.02 Green A
224 165.95 83.98 Grey A
225 169.23 72.24 Blue B
226 172.42 72.49 Green B
227 171.92 68.95 Blue B
228 172.30 80.72 Green B
229 173.83 71.72 Blue B
230 163.74 86.55 Grey B
231 167.09 91.54 Blue A
232 160.62 81.00 Blue B
233 170.55 79.36 Brown B
234 162.32 78.34 Brown A
235 179.95 93.91 Green B
236 171.37 63.51 Grey A
237 168.37 78.83 Blue A
238 168.66 73.53 Grey A
239 167.65 75.91 Brown A
240 168.65 84.08 Brown A
241 169.94 85.72 Brown B
242 173.28 80.17 Grey B
243 170.26 76.41 Brown B
244 164.42 67.14 Green A
245 167.69 79.00 Brown B
246 172.23 102.66 Green A
247 173.21 57.39 Brown B
248 171.51 70.41 Blue B
249 166.94 93.87 Brown A
250 170.60 77.85 Blue B
251 165.44 89.14 Blue B
252 163.98 86.60 Blue B
253 173.73 86.16 Brown A
254 175.42 76.41 Blue A
255 179.98 63.06 Grey B
256 165.95 63.95 Grey A
257 172.70 87.23 Blue B
258 170.12 79.24 Grey B
259 166.87 75.11 Blue B
260 172.48 78.33 Blue A
261 159.50 78.72 Brown A
262 169.23 89.97 Brown A
263 164.24 76.34 Grey A
264 161.43 79.70 Blue A
265 179.96 72.22 Green B
266 169.62 97.44 Blue A
267 154.81 87.03 Grey B
268 165.97 80.02 Blue B
269 171.60 75.15 Green B
270 184.95 106.85 Green B
271 168.85 89.83 Blue B
272 180.54 73.00 Blue A
273 167.00 83.42 Grey B
274 174.58 70.35 Brown B
275 166.15 91.69 Green A
276 164.60 92.82 Blue A
277 170.72 93.95 Brown A
278 176.36 83.59 Brown A
279 173.20 87.83 Blue A
280 170.66 99.40 Blue A
281 175.36 82.81 Green B
282 172.26 72.48 Blue A
283 174.60 77.98 Grey B
284 174.61 71.87 Green B
285 175.24 96.44 Blue A
286 158.40 70.79 Green B
287 166.94 74.54 Blue B
288 163.26 90.08 Grey A
289 168.28 65.44 Green A
290 177.46 84.89 Blue B
291 169.04 77.35 Grey B
292 162.66 90.12 Brown A
293 172.26 79.07 Brown A
294 163.47 78.20 Green B
295 184.76 80.45 Brown B
296 176.14 88.47 Brown B
297 172.61 93.87 Green B
298 174.24 64.06 Blue A
299 160.82 66.75 Green A
300 174.30 73.89 Green A
301 171.25 73.33 Grey A
302 163.21 81.48 Blue B
303 166.00 88.10 Brown A
304 177.94 91.97 Brown B
305 164.52 68.73 Grey A
306 168.65 81.48 Grey A
307 161.92 85.33 Blue B
308 167.81 88.72 Brown B
309 178.54 70.08 Grey A
310 166.54 93.65 Grey A
311 162.54 93.46 Brown B
312 173.61 82.42 Grey A
313 175.48 68.71 Brown B
314 160.26 77.79 Brown B
315 162.31 90.74 Green B
316 172.22 87.15 Grey B
317 162.05 85.73 Green B
318 168.49 78.55 Grey B
319 169.62 84.48 Grey A
320 169.27 78.37 Blue A
321 159.73 83.64 Green B
322 172.28 76.83 Blue B
323 157.81 83.20 Green A
324 163.31 93.53 Blue A
325 173.98 69.43 Grey B
326 172.11 91.46 Blue B
327 171.86 79.20 Grey A
328 169.91 63.13 Brown A
329 171.62 69.20 Green A
330 177.21 69.48 Grey A
331 169.12 75.29 Blue A
332 162.17 62.00 Green A
333 176.21 88.10 Grey A
334 176.02 71.93 Grey A
335 163.88 76.38 Grey A
336 164.66 81.72 Green A
337 165.05 76.56 Blue A
338 178.43 81.00 Green B
339 166.56 96.04 Grey B
340 172.50 84.17 Green B
341 180.75 70.59 Blue B
342 165.93 81.68 Blue A
343 163.13 85.13 Grey A
344 177.62 86.03 Grey A
345 172.97 61.90 Brown B
346 164.73 80.59 Green B
347 165.01 81.27 Brown A
348 168.31 96.07 Blue A
349 167.28 75.09 Green B
350 166.11 68.72 Blue A
351 169.81 79.79 Blue B
352 170.38 91.19 Grey A
353 165.59 78.61 Grey A
354 172.05 77.10 Green B
355 164.13 64.05 Blue A
356 161.98 79.85 Blue A
357 166.15 70.58 Brown A
358 166.75 71.71 Grey A
359 157.38 80.99 Green B
360 164.97 84.85 Blue A
361 166.09 71.85 Green A
362 182.80 78.94 Green B
363 170.93 79.21 Green B
364 180.61 78.34 Grey B
365 163.91 67.97 Brown B
366 159.98 82.04 Blue B
367 163.81 55.59 Brown A
368 172.12 80.01 Green B
369 158.21 75.47 Grey B
370 174.64 72.92 Grey A
371 175.23 62.86 Brown A
372 169.66 74.56 Blue B
373 167.01 83.06 Green B
374 156.78 86.50 Grey A
375 164.02 84.78 Brown A
376 174.27 92.90 Blue B
377 167.59 77.81 Brown A
378 164.63 91.91 Grey B
379 173.26 86.32 Blue A
380 173.70 76.77 Green A
381 169.19 80.20 Brown A
382 177.17 69.43 Grey A
383 175.69 87.87 Blue B
384 171.80 83.35 Blue A
385 170.10 85.60 Blue B
386 162.37 71.84 Blue B
387 171.05 74.02 Green A
388 168.66 65.12 Blue A
389 167.18 67.13 Brown A
390 169.87 67.05 Blue A
391 176.04 71.74 Grey B
392 166.45 70.53 Brown A
393 164.96 67.93 Brown A
394 173.40 72.34 Blue A
395 176.30 94.57 Blue A
396 174.14 69.70 Grey B
397 173.04 77.40 Grey A
398 167.58 99.40 Blue A
399 176.51 80.04 Green A
400 163.69 85.61 Blue A
401 163.20 73.33 Brown A
402 168.66 89.70 Grey B
403 159.77 92.98 Brown A
404 166.90 64.66 Grey A
405 167.16 57.29 Grey A
406 168.54 67.30 Blue A
407 171.58 84.96 Blue A
408 168.32 62.67 Blue A
409 169.92 73.28 Grey A
410 168.79 88.60 Grey A
411 169.86 92.78 Brown B
412 169.32 82.77 Grey A
413 176.43 94.95 Blue B
414 165.29 81.95 Brown A
415 167.54 72.27 Blue B
416 166.16 74.54 Green A
417 176.45 86.19 Brown A
418 184.70 74.90 Blue A
419 168.63 76.22 Brown A
420 172.12 95.58 Blue A
421 173.08 72.38 Blue A
422 171.51 72.91 Brown B
423 179.16 85.23 Green A
424 169.95 80.36 Green A
425 171.63 78.87 Grey A
426 168.41 76.90 Blue A
427 172.80 87.86 Green B
428 164.63 71.56 Blue A
429 175.18 70.04 Grey B
430 170.85 70.57 Green B
431 166.44 87.10 Brown A
432 164.23 92.90 Blue A
433 170.84 72.40 Green B
434 178.61 69.02 Green B
435 168.18 71.94 Blue B
436 163.71 77.66 Grey B
437 165.94 81.52 Blue B
438 171.60 73.68 Green B
439 167.53 79.81 Brown A
440 166.01 78.70 Green B
441 167.29 59.55 Green A
442 171.66 94.93 Green A
443 172.37 76.70 Green A
444 168.55 82.52 Blue A
445 166.56 72.46 Blue B
446 173.61 68.14 Blue A
447 166.52 80.67 Brown B
448 163.93 86.58 Green B
449 173.99 59.50 Green A
450 167.20 83.21 Brown A
451 168.69 78.83 Brown B
452 179.44 88.72 Brown A
453 178.88 99.01 Grey A
454 172.67 68.87 Grey B
455 169.68 66.50 Brown B
456 177.83 86.18 Brown A
457 167.47 77.47 Grey A
458 172.13 85.07 Brown A
459 168.53 83.82 Green B
460 162.71 83.97 Grey B
461 167.02 73.07 Grey A
462 173.75 81.08 Green B
463 166.86 62.30 Brown B
464 170.11 88.27 Brown A
465 171.79 99.53 Green A
466 166.21 78.69 Green B
467 174.87 62.14 Blue A
468 161.14 81.21 Green A
469 171.67 76.70 Grey B
470 178.94 91.67 Green B
471 173.17 90.73 Blue B
472 177.39 81.30 Blue B
473 170.62 88.26 Green B
474 183.13 100.39 Grey A
475 169.55 75.70 Grey B
476 156.88 66.22 Green B
477 170.55 91.76 Grey A
478 164.36 77.00 Brown B
479 172.89 81.83 Grey B
480 163.48 89.64 Brown A
481 165.91 72.71 Brown A
482 170.35 69.22 Grey A
483 160.98 92.93 Brown A
484 170.93 74.11 Grey A
485 174.47 62.90 Brown A
486 175.06 74.40 Green B
487 183.01 66.97 Green A
488 167.62 75.61 Grey A
489 172.96 77.86 Blue A
490 172.78 66.46 Grey A
491 157.71 101.25 Brown A
492 171.50 72.19 Green A
493 165.05 89.36 Brown B
494 163.54 82.37 Brown A
495 170.82 71.58 Green B
496 171.62 71.61 Green B
497 177.59 63.25 Blue A
498 170.85 81.72 Grey A
499 169.04 95.83 Blue B
500 169.85 90.09 Green B
501 175.40 94.06 Brown B
502 172.10 69.34 Brown A
503 178.65 78.66 Grey A
504 169.87 74.38 Green A
505 166.32 82.86 Brown B
506 166.09 76.45 Blue B
507 168.65 85.05 Blue A
508 168.17 75.08 Green B
509 170.74 88.11 Blue B
510 159.62 92.64 Green A
511 171.79 74.08 Brown A
512 171.46 85.21 Brown B
513 163.03 103.03 Blue B
514 164.16 72.19 Blue A
515 169.23 86.93 Green B
516 171.41 87.91 Grey A
517 171.56 72.96 Grey B
518 171.49 78.00 Green B
519 161.37 87.18 Green A
520 169.79 78.48 Grey B
521 167.49 80.66 Grey B
522 172.72 75.43 Green B
523 163.68 89.20 Brown A
524 176.57 93.35 Green B
525 163.63 74.69 Blue A
526 169.15 85.02 Brown A
527 168.93 74.92 Grey A
528 175.19 76.65 Blue B
529 162.62 72.81 Grey B
530 165.97 81.08 Blue B
531 173.89 87.59 Grey B
532 167.40 74.91 Green B
533 171.03 94.83 Blue A
534 173.69 99.76 Blue A
535 176.74 81.47 Blue B
536 166.65 70.96 Grey B
537 169.49 76.54 Brown A
538 177.62 88.36 Blue B
539 170.28 94.97 Green A
540 171.87 82.85 Brown A
541 171.93 94.19 Brown A
542 170.49 85.11 Brown A
543 163.31 86.08 Brown A
544 182.33 82.39 Brown B
545 155.02 91.53 Green B
546 171.69 75.22 Blue B
547 169.72 73.59 Grey A
548 169.20 82.12 Blue A
549 162.30 85.49 Brown A
550 179.00 88.44 Blue B
551 170.21 77.03 Green A
552 164.71 84.83 Brown B
553 176.67 65.28 Green A
554 179.40 91.42 Green A
555 173.85 75.26 Brown A
556 170.46 73.96 Green B
557 168.41 66.41 Brown B
558 161.79 66.45 Green A
559 169.08 82.70 Brown B
560 173.57 78.55 Brown A
561 173.27 87.18 Grey B
562 168.13 86.02 Blue A
563 179.47 80.59 Green A
564 164.08 70.64 Brown B
565 176.17 84.81 Green B
566 178.41 97.51 Brown A
567 165.33 72.01 Blue A
568 176.60 89.84 Grey A
569 161.14 73.28 Green B
570 164.70 95.33 Green B
571 165.07 77.45 Brown A
572 171.74 87.16 Brown B
573 168.90 85.79 Green B
574 165.39 80.70 Brown B
575 172.82 80.99 Grey A
576 181.37 91.65 Brown B
577 179.57 100.95 Brown A
578 165.31 76.85 Grey A
579 160.12 78.36 Green A
580 176.68 81.00 Grey A
581 175.73 62.15 Blue A
582 169.73 87.68 Brown B
583 171.85 82.13 Blue B
584 173.37 86.39 Grey B
585 175.68 77.05 Brown A
586 171.09 71.52 Green B
587 176.82 92.20 Green A
588 168.56 68.86 Green A
589 163.78 73.12 Brown B
590 169.28 82.16 Green A
591 170.68 75.48 Brown B
592 168.30 64.37 Grey B
593 169.77 70.97 Brown B
594 183.91 78.63 Blue A
595 174.06 79.45 Green A
596 171.25 88.46 Grey A
597 170.04 78.07 Blue A
598 166.31 89.51 Brown B
599 167.07 79.11 Grey A
600 158.16 78.73 Green B
601 174.48 72.14 Green A
602 172.37 66.67 Green A
603 171.29 70.96 Grey B
604 171.33 97.30 Green A
605 171.37 75.94 Blue B
606 168.95 88.56 Blue B
607 171.12 78.52 Green A
608 167.58 79.55 Blue A
609 169.08 66.31 Green A
610 175.31 71.10 Grey A
611 169.24 87.51 Grey B
612 167.80 56.37 Blue A
613 171.63 75.96 Green A
614 169.22 99.16 Brown B
615 157.78 84.04 Brown A
616 168.39 72.75 Blue A
617 176.52 75.37 Brown B
618 171.09 70.64 Brown A
619 174.84 67.59 Blue B
620 170.42 62.67 Green B
621 169.30 71.38 Grey A
622 171.89 69.82 Grey B
623 164.90 93.11 Green B
624 164.31 75.27 Brown A
625 164.34 79.77 Green A
626 162.69 87.54 Brown A
627 164.46 84.26 Grey B
628 169.72 95.10 Grey B
629 161.62 88.39 Blue B
630 173.71 56.35 Green A
631 163.46 69.50 Brown A
632 167.33 80.46 Grey A
633 171.31 88.84 Blue A
634 165.79 92.17 Grey A
635 175.50 73.35 Blue B
636 171.65 78.68 Brown B
637 161.70 80.50 Brown A
638 167.18 81.09 Brown A
639 163.16 94.90 Grey A
640 162.24 82.71 Blue A
641 171.14 73.66 Green A
642 165.04 69.97 Blue A
643 180.27 74.72 Grey B
644 181.01 85.71 Blue B
645 165.76 85.86 Green A
646 162.54 92.42 Blue B
647 173.13 81.26 Brown A
648 170.56 73.11 Brown B
649 165.06 82.81 Green A
650 164.23 73.69 Brown B
651 184.59 87.48 Green B
652 163.85 71.95 Brown A
653 159.26 74.71 Brown A
654 174.64 83.33 Blue A
655 172.44 74.03 Blue A
656 176.61 93.59 Green A
657 176.06 88.82 Brown B
658 171.44 72.01 Blue B
659 173.43 90.66 Grey A
660 172.44 77.77 Grey A
661 170.48 76.96 Grey B
662 161.49 71.47 Grey B
663 180.91 81.35 Green A
664 171.74 75.21 Green B
665 176.36 82.96 Grey A
666 174.97 76.26 Green B
667 164.24 94.99 Brown A
668 176.22 75.85 Grey B
669 174.62 56.41 Brown A
670 166.94 81.59 Grey B
671 169.28 75.86 Blue B
672 168.85 84.99 Grey B
673 171.53 81.07 Brown B
674 171.06 77.48 Blue A
675 166.62 101.36 Brown A
676 176.75 68.74 Grey B
677 164.59 75.39 Brown B
678 167.87 84.81 Brown B
679 168.61 84.09 Grey B
680 170.20 82.17 Grey B
681 170.81 82.98 Green A
682 158.73 87.86 Green B
683 170.46 90.57 Grey A
684 161.27 89.64 Brown A
685 174.00 79.57 Grey A
686 169.49 78.74 Green B
687 164.67 80.61 Blue A
688 168.06 76.88 Blue A
689 175.45 75.34 Brown B
690 178.97 79.58 Grey A
691 169.34 83.39 Blue B
692 160.65 75.48 Grey A
693 177.46 83.27 Brown B
694 172.56 99.67 Blue B
695 173.97 67.78 Grey B
696 176.31 67.11 Blue B
697 171.59 78.46 Green B
698 166.68 79.45 Green B
699 164.71 67.18 Blue B
700 169.43 70.47 Green B
701 164.34 79.81 Green B
702 174.02 83.42 Green A
703 176.19 86.60 Blue B
704 169.36 81.73 Brown B
705 175.63 83.07 Green B
706 171.55 78.46 Brown A
707 189.03 90.17 Green A
708 175.51 80.77 Green B
709 169.43 84.87 Brown B
710 167.14 77.28 Green A
711 172.10 91.59 Grey A
712 170.69 91.42 Brown B
713 176.71 91.43 Brown A
714 169.57 72.88 Green B
715 168.83 78.01 Brown A
716 171.89 85.76 Brown A
717 165.82 69.40 Brown B
718 171.08 70.35 Green A
719 175.65 83.80 Brown A
720 172.76 77.34 Blue B
721 173.56 75.80 Green B
722 178.50 76.52 Green A
723 162.76 76.45 Green A
724 177.50 91.95 Grey A
725 178.07 78.37 Brown A
726 173.23 89.69 Brown B
727 164.04 81.18 Green A
728 173.49 74.15 Green B
729 174.65 88.83 Green A
730 176.07 60.98 Brown B
731 164.99 61.82 Grey B
732 161.56 68.99 Blue A
733 169.76 72.41 Green A
734 166.49 78.71 Blue B
735 172.92 77.92 Green A
736 167.93 77.50 Green A
737 165.93 91.40 Blue B
738 159.45 75.37 Blue B
739 163.46 74.01 Brown B
740 167.44 69.65 Blue B
741 166.15 81.39 Green B
742 167.45 80.65 Blue A
743 164.67 68.89 Grey A
744 162.67 102.09 Green B
745 183.01 73.55 Brown A
746 180.67 84.56 Brown A
747 167.39 96.59 Grey B
748 167.58 81.70 Green A
749 169.93 69.81 Blue B
750 176.98 62.57 Green B
751 159.50 62.20 Brown A
752 162.84 76.54 Brown A
753 167.54 89.88 Brown B
754 174.87 93.86 Grey A
755 176.85 82.13 Grey A
756 168.86 85.09 Brown A
757 168.42 82.96 Brown B
758 164.02 71.92 Green B
759 173.03 66.26 Green B
760 184.86 81.35 Grey B
761 178.21 86.86 Blue A
762 173.48 92.93 Brown B
763 167.62 64.62 Green A
764 178.71 72.84 Green B
765 160.30 85.65 Blue B
766 165.24 49.76 Blue A
767 159.09 58.92 Grey A
768 183.83 84.34 Green B
769 169.18 97.24 Grey B
770 174.54 92.13 Blue B
771 164.66 81.84 Grey A
772 168.83 95.10 Brown B
773 174.10 73.70 Green B
774 169.69 77.06 Green B
775 169.47 79.29 Grey B
776 172.96 75.17 Brown B
777 168.83 70.43 Blue B
778 175.84 78.62 Grey B
779 171.84 75.71 Grey B
780 169.25 91.54 Blue A
781 169.59 85.56 Grey B
782 167.38 74.46 Green A
783 165.09 82.85 Green A
784 169.30 80.89 Blue A
785 173.70 70.68 Grey A
786 165.79 63.41 Grey A
787 169.38 72.20 Blue B
788 175.38 71.25 Brown A
789 176.62 102.19 Grey A
790 159.64 74.44 Blue B
791 161.29 83.27 Green A
792 169.66 77.54 Blue B
793 172.14 75.32 Green B
794 166.45 77.13 Blue B
795 170.24 85.39 Grey A
796 175.01 80.62 Brown B
797 165.01 79.39 Blue B
798 162.97 77.36 Green B
799 172.82 95.14 Green B
800 164.42 83.82 Blue B
801 174.30 87.55 Brown A
802 174.78 75.90 Blue A
803 169.90 76.71 Green A
804 161.21 75.84 Grey B
805 163.60 67.99 Grey B
806 171.39 78.69 Grey A
807 169.30 93.69 Brown B
808 178.37 69.19 Green A
809 173.70 72.18 Green B
810 166.66 73.58 Green A
811 170.57 80.23 Blue B
812 166.48 100.78 Green A
813 172.42 66.62 Grey B
814 164.64 85.24 Green A
815 150.52 89.26 Grey A
816 163.10 85.83 Blue B
817 162.04 50.61 Green B
818 168.68 67.57 Grey B
819 167.36 90.12 Brown A
820 166.83 86.97 Brown B
821 157.76 70.08 Grey A
822 174.27 92.32 Blue B
823 179.37 89.10 Blue B
824 172.71 91.13 Blue B
825 174.51 88.98 Green B
826 167.50 88.58 Blue A
827 170.05 72.98 Grey B
828 175.26 85.10 Brown A
829 188.42 80.07 Blue A
830 165.54 54.64 Grey A
831 168.24 98.02 Green A
832 167.59 54.37 Grey B
833 167.65 77.26 Brown A
834 162.63 79.34 Blue A
835 164.88 90.70 Grey A
836 172.42 75.26 Grey A
837 168.82 92.78 Green A
838 164.97 81.23 Green B
839 161.28 69.55 Grey B
840 177.39 82.57 Brown B
841 168.99 84.11 Green A
842 166.93 65.34 Grey B
843 171.20 82.28 Grey B
844 165.44 81.32 Green B
845 160.39 86.15 Grey A
846 169.26 77.20 Grey B
847 181.94 81.13 Blue B
848 170.99 90.23 Blue A
849 162.23 80.55 Brown B
850 166.99 69.06 Green B
851 160.48 92.97 Grey B
852 162.63 75.24 Blue B
853 160.27 80.63 Green B
854 169.29 71.35 Green B
855 164.82 85.88 Brown B
856 164.92 75.53 Brown A
857 175.83 84.98 Brown B
858 164.18 57.08 Brown B
859 174.88 74.16 Grey B
860 184.07 82.40 Blue A
861 165.25 96.86 Green A
862 167.98 79.98 Grey A
863 163.54 85.75 Blue B
864 166.27 62.22 Brown A
865 170.16 92.70 Grey A
866 167.47 65.32 Brown A
867 170.40 76.65 Grey B
868 175.59 76.30 Grey B
869 170.84 90.99 Grey B
870 168.53 86.80 Brown B
871 170.87 96.13 Brown B
872 177.29 90.67 Grey A
873 166.37 97.12 Brown A
874 180.70 68.55 Green A
875 169.32 89.74 Blue B
876 173.04 92.57 Grey B
877 169.55 73.37 Grey B
878 173.94 75.66 Blue A
879 180.93 78.34 Grey A
880 165.11 74.89 Grey B
881 168.50 75.92 Brown B
882 174.75 92.09 Blue B
883 170.21 74.39 Green B
884 170.22 64.08 Blue A
885 167.67 91.61 Grey B
886 165.97 66.76 Green B
887 161.44 83.38 Green B
888 161.59 83.75 Green A
889 172.86 81.18 Blue B
890 168.44 105.24 Blue B
891 166.35 83.55 Brown A
892 177.72 87.32 Brown B
893 177.14 75.81 Green A
894 172.05 76.73 Brown B
895 174.33 75.88 Blue A
896 170.05 73.28 Green A
897 178.05 82.78 Green A
898 169.49 66.11 Green A
899 164.19 79.29 Grey A
900 181.39 81.22 Brown B
901 180.14 77.64 Brown B
902 177.42 99.61 Blue B
903 167.74 72.42 Brown A
904 166.77 80.67 Grey A
905 169.12 65.96 Grey B
906 165.63 73.80 Grey A
907 162.82 75.00 Brown B
908 158.64 68.16 Grey B
909 164.96 69.07 Green B
910 172.02 97.95 Green A
911 175.89 90.59 Grey A
912 181.38 87.11 Brown A
913 172.15 89.76 Brown B
914 167.63 71.81 Brown B
915 167.17 78.79 Blue A
916 164.11 90.36 Grey A
917 171.49 85.35 Green A
918 176.63 90.32 Blue A
919 173.27 93.20 Blue B
920 178.98 85.53 Blue A
921 165.12 57.57 Grey B
922 176.43 73.87 Grey A
923 167.85 75.73 Grey A
924 168.00 50.08 Blue B
925 171.49 84.30 Blue A
926 166.09 73.55 Grey A
927 171.01 78.50 Brown A
928 172.12 56.27 Blue A
929 163.42 81.43 Blue B
930 165.22 74.25 Blue A
931 164.87 72.70 Brown A
932 169.43 86.40 Brown B
933 168.01 69.21 Blue B
934 164.46 56.49 Brown A
935 172.36 57.74 Grey A
936 164.09 76.18 Blue A
937 171.02 83.06 Brown B
938 174.92 72.00 Green B
939 165.14 67.04 Green B
940 168.40 86.39 Grey A
941 172.32 91.72 Brown A
942 174.58 87.16 Brown A
943 169.48 71.70 Brown A
944 169.61 75.26 Grey B
945 169.96 88.87 Green B
946 165.20 81.64 Blue A
947 175.00 87.71 Blue A
948 173.78 66.21 Grey B
949 177.84 90.64 Blue A
950 163.54 91.40 Blue A
951 167.79 87.68 Blue B
952 173.11 95.85 Green A
953 164.79 64.62 Brown B
954 163.35 70.12 Grey A
955 172.90 77.04 Brown A
956 172.74 73.23 Green A
957 177.92 68.53 Green A
958 164.23 74.80 Brown A
959 172.93 78.58 Blue B
960 164.91 77.31 Brown A
961 165.41 105.19 Blue B
962 171.00 87.41 Brown A
963 164.77 68.47 Grey B
964 173.85 82.10 Grey A
965 174.23 83.45 Grey B
966 168.58 86.42 Brown B
967 175.17 69.54 Brown B
968 170.23 91.32 Blue A
969 167.38 90.24 Brown A
970 176.71 74.03 Brown A
971 185.53 91.12 Green A
972 171.24 83.54 Green B
973 166.15 82.36 Grey A
974 155.39 90.93 Blue A
975 166.40 79.50 Blue B
976 175.50 67.59 Brown A
977 165.68 87.50 Brown B
978 172.63 80.82 Green B
979 166.42 71.08 Brown B
980 157.56 78.77 Green B
981 155.46 76.50 Brown A
982 169.05 89.64 Brown B
983 176.84 67.85 Grey B
984 167.14 82.62 Blue A
985 171.83 65.14 Green A
986 173.03 74.22 Green A
987 168.70 87.45 Grey B
988 166.95 86.23 Grey A
989 176.65 93.53 Brown A
990 159.05 79.68 Green A
991 169.94 59.67 Blue B
992 177.36 92.91 Blue A
993 162.34 70.31 Green A
994 172.73 73.25 Brown B
995 175.45 77.63 Green B
996 171.56 67.95 Brown A
997 181.50 76.81 Grey B
998 172.94 82.77 Grey A
999 161.54 70.98 Grey A
1000 162.35 66.61 Grey B

Check how similar they are

Increasingly similar

In fact, if we did this many, many, many times, these groups would be, on average, increasingly identical!

Why?

  • Central limit theorem

  • Law of large numbers

Do international monitors deter election-day fraud?

Yes!

  • The international community monitored the 2003 Armenian Presidential elections
  • Monitors were assigned randomly to the polling stations
  • Hyde found a big average difference between the vote share received by the cheating party at monitored stations compared to non-monitored stations.